超临界CO₂法脱除油脂制备磷脂工艺优化

Optimizing Phospholipid Preparation via Supercritical CO₂ Lipid Removal

摘要: 针对传统超临界CO₂萃取磷脂工艺中丙酮夹带剂残留及直接处理浓缩磷脂导致设备堵塞的问题，本研究提出一种绿色协同工艺：首先通过水代法对浓缩磷脂进行预处理，显著降低物料粘稠度；随后引入耐高压PP球填料以改善传质效率，最终采用超临界CO₂脱脂。通过单因素实验与响应面优化，确定最佳工艺参数为萃取压力30 MPa、温度40℃、时间3 h、填料比例1:1。验证实验表明，该工艺油脂萃取率达98.51% ± 1.37%，且全过程无有机溶剂参与。该方法有效解决了设备堵塞与溶剂残留问题，为高纯度粉末磷脂的绿色工业化生产提供了可靠技术方案。

Abstract: In response to the problems of acetone cosolvent residue in the traditional supercritical CO₂ extraction process of phospholipids and equipment blockage resulting from the direct treatment of concentrated phospholipids, this study presents a novel green and synergistic process. Initially, the concentrated phospholipids are pretreated using the water displacement method, which significantly reduces the viscosity of the material. Subsequently, high-pressure-resistant PP ball packing is introduced to enhance the mass transfer efficiency. Finally, supercritical CO₂ degreasing is implemented. Through single-factor experiments and response surface optimization, the optimal process parameters are ascertained as follows: an extraction pressure of 30 MPa, a temperature of 40˚C, a time duration of 3 h, and a packing ratio of 1:1. The verification experiments demonstrate that the oil extraction rate of this process reaches 98.51% ± 1.37%, and no organic solvents are employed throughout the entire process. This approach effectively resolves the issues of equipment blockage and solvent residue, offering a reliable technical solution for the green industrial production of high-purity powdered phospholipids.