老年患者冠脉支架术后衰弱现状与危险因素研究

Study on the Current Status and Risk Factors of Frailty in Elderly Patients after Coronary Stent Implantation

摘要: 目的：探讨行冠脉支架(PCI)老年术后患者的衰弱现状及其危险因素，为制定针对性干预策略提供依据。方法：选取2023年6月至2025年5月在洛川县医院接受冠脉支架术的患者219例，采用中文版衰弱评估量表(FRAIL)进行横断面调查，结合临床数据与实验室指标，通过二元Logistic回归分析危险因素。结果：本研究共纳入219例患者，其中64.8% (142例)患者存在衰弱，衰弱平均得分为(4.20 ± 0.79)分。将单因素分析有统计学意义的变量(性别、年龄、吸烟史、病程、合并周围神经病变、总胆固醇)作为自变量，PCI术后是否存在衰弱作为因变量纳入二元Logistic回归模型结果显示，性别(OR = 2.550)、病程(OR = 2.654)、合并周围神经病变(OR = 2.568) 3个因素进入方程，P < 0.05。结论：老年冠脉支架术后患者衰弱发生率较高，需重点关注高龄、病程较长、合并周围血管病变的患者，临床中结合患者运动喜好、营养状态及药物管理等多维度干预以改善患者衰弱状态。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the current status of frailty and its risk factors in elderly patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and to provide a basis for formulating targeted intervention strategies. Methods: A total of 219 patients who underwent coronary stent implantation in Luochuan County Hospital from June 2023 to May 2025 were selected. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the Chinese version of the Frailty Assessment Scale (FRAIL). Combined with clinical data and laboratory indicators, risk factors were analyzed through multiple linear regression. Results: A total of 219 patients were included in this study. Among them, 64.8% (142 cases) of the patients had frailty, and the average score of frailty was (4.20 ± 0.79) points. Variables with statistical significance in univariate analysis (gender, age, smoking history, disease duration, combined peripheral neuropathy, total cholesterol) were included as independent variables, and whether there was frailty after PCI was included as the dependent variable in the binary Logistic regression model. The results showed that three factors, namely gender (OR = 2.550), disease duration (OR = 2.654), and combined peripheral neuropathy (OR = 2.568), entered the equation, P < 0.05. Conclusion: The incidence of frailty in elderly patients after coronary stent implantation is relatively high. Special attention should be paid to those who are very old, have a long disease course, and have peripheral vascular disease. In clinical practice, multi-dimensional interventions should be carried out in combination with patients’ exercise preferences, nutritional status, and drug management to improve their frailty status.