亚洲象食源地建设成效分析

Analysis of the Effectiveness of Asian Elephant Food Source Construction

摘要: 亚洲象走出森林进入人类生产生活区域的一个主要原因是野外食物缺乏，为亚洲象建立食源地是解决这一问题的重要途径之一。通过对粽叶芦(Thysanolaena maxima)、芭蕉(Musa sapientum)、巨菌草(Pennisetum giganteum)、构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)等4种植物的种植尝试，发现巨菌草、粽叶芦的生长速度最快，而芭蕉的被取食程度最高。综合生长情况和被取食情况，粽叶芦、巨菌草为较理想的物种，构树的效果最差，在种植过程只可作为亚洲象的补助食物来源少量种植。食物源的建立，不仅为亚洲象提供了大量的食物来源，也为其他食草动物提供了丰富的食物，同时也吸引了豹猫(Prionailurus bengalensis)、豺(Cuon alpinus)等食肉动物，形成了一个较好的食物链，为下一步在较大范围内进行推广可提供借鉴作用。

Abstract: One of the main reasons why Asian elephants leave the forest and enter human production and living areas is the lack of food in the wild. Establishing food sources for Asian elephants is one of the important ways to solve this problem. Through the trial planting of four species of plants, including Thysanolaena maxima, Musa sapientum, Pennisetum giganteum, and Broussonetia papyrifera, Pennisetum giganteum and Thysanolaena maxima grew the fastest, while Musa sapientum was most frequently eaten. Taking into account the growth rate and the degree of consumption, Thysanolaena maxima and Pennisetum giganteum are more suitable species, while Broussonetia papyrifera has the worst effect. It can only be planted in small quantities as a supplementary food source for Asian elephants during the planting process. The establishment of food sources not only provides Asian elephants with a large amount of food, but also provides other herbivorous animals with rich food, and attracts Prionailurus bengalensis and Cuon alpinus, etc., carnivorous animals, forming a better food chain, which can provide reference for further large-scale promotion.