性与情分与性情一体——朱熹阳明“情”论之比较

The Separation of Xing and Qing and the Fusion of Xing and Qing—A Comparative Study of Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming’s Theory of “Qing”

摘要: 为了探讨朱熹、阳明二者理论差异对宋明理学发展的影响，通过梳理比较二者对“情”的论述而展开。关于“情”的探讨，具有实在和情感这两重深刻而丰富的含义，在哲学思想中占据着重要地位。朱熹与王阳明作为宋明理学的代表人物，在“情”论上各有见解，为后人留下了深刻的思考。朱熹继承了传统儒家的看法，将性情二分，将情视为性的外在表现，而性则是理，二者由心统摄。然而，情易受到所禀之“气”之清浊的影响。阳明则更强调心、性、情本为一体，无无本无用之说；情自心自然流露，则是良知之用；但不可有所执着，执着即为蒙蔽良知的私欲。因而，从“情”切入，管窥蠡测，我们能够站在这一小点上理解由理学到心学的转向，明晰儒学内部的继承和创新。

Abstract: To explore the influence of the theoretical differences between Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming on the development of Song and Ming Neo-Confucianism, this paper proceeds by sorting out and comparing their discussions on “Qing”. The discussion on “Qing” has profound and rich meanings in both reality and emotion, and holds an important position in philosophical thought. Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming, as representatives of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties, each had their own insights on the theory of “Qing”, leaving profound thoughts for later generations. Zhu Xi inherited the traditional Confucian view, dividing Xing and Qing, regarding Qing as the external manifestation of Xing, while Xing is the heavenly principles, both of which are governed by the Mind. However, Qing is easily influenced by the clarity or turbidity of the “qi” one is endowed with. Wang Yangming, on the other hand, emphasized that heart, Xing and Qing are originally one, and there is no such thing as uselessness without a root; Qing naturally flows from the Mindt, which is the application of the conscience; but one should not be attached to it, as attachment is the private desire that obscures the good conscience. Therefore, by starting from the perspective of “Qing”, and taking a limited view, we can understand the shift from Neo-Confucianism to the erudition of Mind from this small point, and clarify the inheritance and innovation within Confucianism.