《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》中的妇女解放思想

Women’s Liberation Thought in “The Origin of Family, Private Property, and State”

摘要: 妇女解放是人类社会发展进程中的重要议题。恩格斯在《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》中系统阐述的妇女解放思想，随着社会对性别平等问题的关注而更显其价值，并在现代社会治理实践中得到新的现实回应。通过系统梳理恩格斯关于妇女历史地位变迁的历史，可以发现“两种生产”失衡是妇女深受压迫的基础，社会化分工同样冲击着男女平等地位，而私有制的出现更是加剧了妇女社会地位的下滑。因此，只有推动妇女回归公共事业、推进家务劳动社会化并确保婚姻自由，才能真正促进妇女解放。恩格斯这一兼具科学性和革命性的理论体系，不仅推动了马克思主义女性主义理论的发展，更为女性解放提供了坚实的理论支撑，对于促进中国妇女解放运动、指引人类解放都具有重要的现实意义。

Abstract: Women’s liberation is an important issue in the process of human social development. Engels’ systematic exposition of women’s liberation ideas in “The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State” has become more valuable with the increasing attention to gender equality issues in society and has received new practical responses in modern social governance practices. By systematically reviewing Engels’ history of the changes in women’s historical status, it can be found that the imbalance of “two types of production” is the basis for women’s deep oppression, and socialized division of labor also impacts the equal status of men and women. The emergence of private ownership has exacerbated the decline of women’s social status. Therefore, only by promoting women’s return to public service, advancing the socialization of household chores, and ensuring marriage freedom can women’s liberation be truly promoted. Engels’ theoretical system, which combines scientific and revolutionary elements, not only promoted the development of Marxist feminist theory, but also provided solid theoretical support for women’s liberation. It has important practical significance for promoting the Chinese women’s liberation movement and guiding human liberation.