老子“自然”的“无为”之“有”

The Concept of Being Arising from Natural, Non-Action and Being in Laozi's Philosophy

摘要: 老子之“无”和“有”的思想，可分为“体无”和“有”两种。“体无”偏于消极退守，“有”则倾于功利算计，与老子一向“自然”的态度有出入。老子“自然”的“无为”之“有”的思想，介乎于“有无之间”，中正平和。首先结合老子生活的时代背景，论述时代对老子“无为”之“有”思想的影响。接着对《老子》进行原文解析，从原文剖析论证老子体为“有”，“无”为用。其次将老子“自然”的“无为”之“有”思想同现代西方“效益主义”进行比较，体现老子“无为”思想之“自然”。最后，老子“自然”的“无为”之“有”具有观照社会现实的意义，体现出老子思想的当代价值。

Abstract: Laozi’s thoughts on “non-being” and “being” can be divided into two aspects: “ontological non-being” and “being”. “ontological non-being” is more passive and defensive, while “being” is more utilitarian and calculating, which is different from Laozi’s “natural" attitude. Laozi’s “natural” “non-action” and “being” thoughts are between “being and non-being”, moderate and peaceful. First of all, combined with the background of the times in which Laozi lived, the influence of the times on Laozi’s “no-action” and “being” thoughts is discussed. Then, the original text of “Laozi” is analyzed, and it is proved from the original text that Laozi’s body is “being" and “non-being” is used. Secondly, Laozi's “natural” “no-action” and “being” thoughts are compared with modern Western “utilitarianism”, reflecting the “nature” of Laozi’s “no action” thoughts. Finally, Laozi’s “natural” “no-action” and “being” have the significance of observing social reality and reflecting the contemporary value of Laozi’s thoughts.