跟踪纠缠行为的犯罪化研究

A Study on the Criminalisation of Stalking and Pestering Behaviour

摘要: 跟踪纠缠行为不仅侵犯了公众个人的安宁居住权，还可能影响公众的心理健康和生活自由，从而对社会秩序造成潜在威胁。考虑到我国的法律环境和社会实际，提出通过修正案的形式在刑法中增设专门条款，明确跟踪纠缠行为的定义、处罚方式及量刑标准。同时尝试将典型的跟踪纠缠行为在《治安管理处罚法》中单独规定相应的行政处罚，通过此路径推进跟踪纠缠行为犯罪化。通过“无视他人的意愿”“反复且持续地采取一系列行为”与“足以对他人造成心理负担或危害其生活安宁”三个构成要件限缩跟踪纠缠行为的成罪空间，以期为我国对该行为的立法和社会治理提供参考。

Abstract: Stalking and pestering behaviour not only violates the public’s individual right to peaceful residence, but also may affect the public’s mental health and freedom of life, thus posing a potential threat to the social order. Considering the legal environment and social reality in China, it is proposed to add special provisions to the criminal law by way of amendment to clarify the definition, punishment and sentencing standards of stalking and pestering behaviours. At the same time, it is also proposed that typical stalking behaviours should be subject to separate administrative penalties in the “Public Security Administration Punishment Law”, so as to criminalise stalking behaviours. Through the three constitutive elements of “disregarding the will of others”, “repeatedly and persistently adopting a series of behaviours” and “sufficiently causing psychological burden to others or endangering their peace of mind”, the stalking and pestering behaviours are limited to the scope of criminalisation. The three constitutive elements of stalking and pestering limit the criminal space of stalking and pestering behaviour, with a view to providing reference for the legislation and social governance of this behaviour in China.