2010~2020年木兰县土地利用变化分析

Analysis of Land Use Changes in Mulan County from 2010 to 2020

摘要: 土地利用研究是正确引导土地资源可持续发展、集约节约利用土地资源、实现人地关系协调发展的重要科学依据。随着时代的发展，县域空间的土地资源利用情况备受关注。本文以黑龙江省木兰县为研究区，以木兰县2010年~2020年十年间的土地利用数据为数据源，使用土地利用类型转移矩阵，土地利用动态度、开发度、耗减度等数学方法以及GIS空间分析的研究方法，对木兰县十年间的土地利用状况、转移变化情况与土地资源的有效利用程度进行研究，研究表明：① 十年间木兰县土地利用类型的面积比例未发生较大变化，总体而言耕地的面积占比最大，约为45%。② 在木兰县土地利用类型的转移变化过程中，草地的转入与转出面积均超过其他土地类型；草地与林地之间的面积转化数值最大；转入人造地表的面积组成中耕地占比最大；湿地与水体之间的相互转化较为密切。③ 木兰县土地利用中人造地表的单一动态度最高；草地的开发度与耗减度最高。综合以上结果，本文以促进县域土地资源可持续发展为目标，为木兰县未来的土地利用规划提供科学依据。

Abstract: Research on land utilization serves as a crucial scientific foundation for properly guiding the sustainable development of land resources, promoting intensive and economical utilization of land resources, and achieving coordinated development of human-land relationships. With the progression of the times, the utilization of land resources in county-level administrative regions has attracted considerable attention. This study takes Mulan County in Heilongjiang Province as the research area, utilizing land use data from 2010 to 2020 as the data source. Through mathematical methods such as land use transfer matrix, dynamic degree, development intensity, and consumption intensity, combined with GIS spatial analysis, we investigated the land use status, transfer patterns, and effective utilization level of land resources in Mulan County over this decade. The findings indicate that: ① The proportional area of land use types in Mulan County experienced no major changes during this period, with cultivated land consistently occupying the largest share at approximately 45%. ② In land use transitions, grassland exhibited the largest area of both transfer-in and transfer-out among all land types; the most significant mutual conversion occurred between grassland and forest land; cultivated land contributed the largest proportion to the newly added artificial surfaces; and wetland and water bodies showed close inter-conversion. ③ Among all land types, artificial surfaces demonstrated the highest single dynamic degree, while grassland recorded the highest development intensity and consumption intensity. Based on these results, this study aims to promote the sustainable development of county-level land resources and provides scientific guidance for future land use planning in Mulan County.