多次注视视觉搜索中的机制与个体差异研究

Research on Mechanisms and Individual Differences in Multiple-Fixation Visual Search

摘要: 多次注视视觉搜索作为一种高生态效度的注意研究范式，逐渐受到认知心理学与人因工程领域的广泛关 注。该搜索过程不仅涉及显著性引导与目标模板匹配，更融合了眼动路径选择、搜索策略调整、个体差 异表现及搜索终止判断等多个动态认知机制。本文综合近年来的实证研究与理论模型，从感知–注意机 制、眼动偏见、启发式策略、个体差异及搜索终止等五个方面系统梳理了视觉搜索研究的关键问题，并 对现有模型局限与未来研究方向进行了反思与展望。研究指出，搜索行为中的非最优选择、稳定性差异 与策略迁移能力体现了人在复杂任务中的“满意化”决策特征。未来应加强跨学科整合、发展个性化预 测模型与智能化干预机制，以推动视觉搜索研究在高风险行业中的理论与实践深度融合。

Abstract: Multiple-fixation visual search, as a high-ecological validity paradigm for attention research, has gradually attracted extensive attention in the fields of cognitive psychology and human factors engineering. This search process involves not only saliency-driven attention guidance and target template matching but also integrates dynamic cognitive mechanisms such as scan-path decisions, search strategy adjustments, individual differences, and search termination judgments. Based on a comprehensive review of empirical studies and theoretical models in recent years, this paper systematically summarizes five key issues in visual search research, including perception-attention mechanisms, oculomotor biases, heuristic strategies, individual differences, and termination logic. It further reflects on the limitations of existing models and discusses future research directions. The analysis reveals that search behavior is characterized not by optimal selection but by “satisficing” decision-making under bounded cognitive resources, with stability differences and strategy transferability reflecting individual variability in complex tasks. Future research should enhance cross-disciplinary integration, develop personalized prediction models and intelligent intervention mechanisms, and promote the deep integration of visual search research with theory and practice in high-risk industries.