制度逻辑视角下社会企业的合法性建构与策略演化

The Legitimacy Construction and Strategic Evolution of Social Enterprises from the Perspective of Institutional Logic

摘要: 社会企业在多重制度逻辑的嵌套张力下面临着合法性获取与策略演化的双重挑战。本文以制度逻辑理论为框架，结合制度创业与动态能力视角，通过对杭州老爸评测的多阶段纵向案例研究，揭示混合逻辑下社会企业合法性建构与策略演化的动态规律。研究发现：第一，社会企业需通过合法性叙事重构与利益相关者联盟化解“公益–市场–政策”三重逻辑冲突；第二，其策略演化呈现“道德合法性→实用合法性→认知合法性→政治合法性”的层级跃迁特征，核心驱动力在于资源能力与制度环境的动态适配；第三，混合逻辑的稳态依赖生态化战略与制度复杂性适应力。研究结论为制度复杂性下的社会企业治理提供实践启示，强调缓冲机制设计、合法性叙事透明化与政策倡导能力的关键作用。

Abstract: Social enterprises face dual challenges of legitimacy acquisition and strategic evolution under the nested tension of multiple institutional logics. This article is based on the theory of institutional logic and combines the perspectives of institutional entrepreneurship and dynamic capabilities. Through a multi-stage longitudinal case study of the evaluation of Hangzhou DaddyLab, it reveals the dynamic laws of the legitimacy construction and strategy evolution of social enterprises under mixed logic. Research has found that firstly, social enterprises need to reconstruct their legitimacy narrative and form alliances with stakeholders to resolve the triple logical conflict of “public welfare market policy”; Secondly, its strategic evolution presents a hierarchical transition feature of “moral legitimacy → practical legitimacy → cognitive legitimacy → political legitimacy”, with the core driving force being the dynamic adaptation of resource capabilities and institutional environment; Thirdly, the steady state of mixed logic relies on ecological strategies and adaptability to institutional complexity. The research conclusion provides practical inspiration for social enterprise governance under institutional complexity, emphasizing the key roles of buffer mechanism design, transparency of legitimacy narrative, and policy advocacy ability.