定向车道设置设计与仿真评价

Simulation and Effect Evaluation of Directional Lane Application

摘要: 为了对交通节点上游车辆进行提前分流，降低因车辆换道所产生的路段交织冲突，对定向车道进行设置设计与仿真评价。首先，基于定向车道起点车辆分流行为特征，通过驾驶员对定向车道预告标识的认知判断，确定定向车道在交通分流区的位置；其次，基于合流区交通运行特性，建立元胞自动机合流区模型，通过分析不同车道车辆的运行状况，求出定向车道距上游合流区的合理距离；最后，通过VISSIM仿真软件对某一交织路段是否设置定向车道进行仿真，从仿真结果可以得出：与不设定向车道相比，在设置定向车道的路段上，车辆通行速度提升13%，车辆的延误降低69%，车辆停车次数降低93%。结果表明：定向车道有效避免了交织区的形成，对于提升道路交通安全性有着重要作用。

Abstract: This study aims to design and evaluate the implementation of directional lanes to preemptively divert upstream traffic at nodes, thereby reducing weaving conflicts caused by lane changes. Initially, the characteristics of vehicle diversion behavior at the starting point of directional lanes are analyzed. By understanding drivers’ cognitive judgments of directional lane signage, the optimal location for directional lanes within the traffic diversion area is determined. Subsequently, a cellular automaton model of the merging area is developed based on the traffic operation characteristics of the merging zone. This model is used to analyze the traffic conditions of different lanes and calculate the appropriate distance of directional lanes from the upstream merging area. Finally, VISSIM simulation software is employed to simulate whether a directional lane should be set up in a specific weaving section. The simulation results indicate that, compared to sections without directional lanes, those with directional lanes experience a 13% increase in vehicle speed, a 69% reduction in vehicle delay, and a 93% decrease in the number of vehicle stops. These findings demonstrate that directional lanes effectively prevent the formation of weaving zones and play a significant role in enhancing road traffic safety.