奥瑞姆的护理系统理论结合养肾操在肾病综合征水肿患者中的效果观察

Observation on the Treatment of Patients with Edema in Nephrotic Syndrome Using Orem’s Nursing System Theory Combined with Kidney-Nourishing Exercises

摘要: 目的：探讨奥瑞姆的护理系统理论结合养肾操在肾病综合征水肿患者中的效果观察。方法：采用便利抽样法，选2023年9~12月某三级甲等医院肾病二科住院的40例诊断肾病综合征水肿的患者作为试验组，采用基于奥瑞姆的护理系统理论制定的护理措施结合养肾操进行指导与护理干预(后文简称干预方法1)；选2023年5~8月住院的40例诊断肾病综合征水肿的患者作为对照1组，采用常规指导和护理；选2023年1~4月住院的40例诊断肾病综合征水肿的患者作为对照2组，采用基于奥瑞姆的护理系统理论制定的护理干预措施进行护理干预与指导(后文简称干预方法2)。比较三组患者在不同时间干预后的血清白蛋白、甘油三酯、胆固醇等指标、生活质量和自我管理行为等的差异。结果：本研究共有120例患者参与研究，三组均为40例。干预后，经重复测量方差分析结果显示，不同时间干预后的血清白蛋白、甘油三酯等指标差异有统计学意义(P < 0.001)，入院一周后，对照1组、对照2组与试验组数据差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)，入院两周后，对照1组、对照2组与试验组数据差异有统计学意义(P < 0.001)；三组在自我管理行为问卷得分与生活质量问卷得分差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论：随着时间的发展，基于奥瑞姆的护理系统理论制定的护理措施结合养肾操对肾病综合征水肿的患者进行干预，与单一的常规护理措施、单一的基于奥瑞姆的护理系统理论制定的护理干预措施相比，结合养肾操的护理措施在一定程度上有效减轻或消除了患者水肿情况，并且改善了疾病状况，有效地提高了患者的生活质量，并且增强了患者自我管理行为，利于疾病恢复，该干预方案可在患者中进行实施，具有安全性和可行性。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the application effect of Orem’s nursing system theory and kidney-nourishing exercises in patients with nephrotic syndrome edema. Methods: 40 patients with nephrotic syndrome edema who were admitted to the hospital from September to December 2023 were used in the experimental group, and nursing measures based on Orem’s nursing system theory were used combined with kidney-nourishing exercises to intervene (intervention measure 1 below); The control group 1 listed 40 patients with nephrotic syndrome edema who were admitted to the hospital from May to August 2023, and received routine care; the control group 2 listed 40 patients with nephrotic syndrome edema who were admitted to the hospital from January to April 2023, and only nursing measures based on Orem’s nursing system theory (intervention measure 2 below). Compare the differences in serum albumin, triglyceride and other indicators, quality of life and self-management behavior among the three groups of patients at different times. Results: A total of 120 patients participated in this study, with 40 patients in each of the three groups. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in serum albumin, triglycerides and other indicators at different times after the intervention (P < 0.001). One week after admission, the differences among the three groups of data were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Two weeks after admission, the difference in data among the three groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001); the difference in self-management behavior questionnaire scores and quality of life questionnaire scores among the three groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Nursing measures 1 are better than single routine nursing measures and nursing intervention 2, the nursing measures 1 have effectively reduced or eliminated the patient’s edema to a certain extent, effectively improved the patient’s quality of life, and enhanced the patient’s self-management behaviour, which is beneficial to disease recovery. This intervention program can be implemented in patients and is safe and feasible.