儿童室性早搏的诊疗研究进展

Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Premature Ventricular Contractions

摘要: 室性早搏(Premature Ventricular Contraction, PVC)是儿童室性心律失常中最常见的类型之一，占儿童心律失常的26.3%~38.7%。频繁PVC可诱发心肌重塑、心功能障碍，甚至猝死，显著影响患儿预后。儿童PVC病因以先天性心脏病为主，与成人的缺血性心脏病等差异显著，其发病机制涉及触发活动、自律性异常及折返，但分子基础尚未完全阐明。本文系统综述了儿童PVC的流行病学、病因机制及诊治新进展，旨在为儿科医师提供循证指导，促进精准诊治，提升患儿生活质量及预后。

Abstract: Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC) is one of the most common types of ventricular arrhythmias in children, accounting for 26.3%~38.7% of pediatric arrhythmias. Frequent PVCs can induce myocardial remodeling, cardiac dysfunction, and even sudden cardiac death, significantly impacting the prognosis of affected children. The primary etiology of pediatric PVCs is congenital heart disease, which differs markedly from ischemic heart disease in adults. The pathogenesis involves triggered activity, abnormal automaticity, and reentry, but the molecular basis remains incompletely elucidated. This article systematically reviews the epidemiology, etiological mechanisms, and recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric PVCs, aiming to provide evidence-based guidance for pediatricians, promote precise diagnosis and treatment, and improve the quality of life and prognosis for affected children.