3D打印技术在骨科中的应用进展

Advances in 3D Printing Technology in Orthopedics

摘要: 在骨科领域，存在着许多复杂手术需求，传统的手术方式在面对一些复杂病例及急诊情况时存在一定的局限性。而3D打印技术的出现为解决这些骨科复杂手术需求提供了新的途径和可能。通过系统性综述近5年的中英文文献，全面收集、筛选并分析相关研究资料，以深入了解3D打印技术在骨科手术中的应用情况、优势及面临的挑战等。研究结果表明，3D打印技术在骨科复杂手术中显著提升了手术精准度，使得手术操作更加精细化、个性化，能够更好地贴合患者的实际病情和解剖结构，从而提高手术成功率和治疗效果。然而，目前该技术在材料方面仍存在一些不足，如材料的生物相容性、力学性能等有待进一步优化；在监管方面，相关标准和规范需要进一步完善和细化，以确保技术的安全可靠的应用于临床实践；同时，成本问题也是限制其推广的重要因素，包括设备采购成本、打印材料成本以及后续的维护成本等都需要进行有效的控制和突破。只有解决了这些问题，3D打印技术才能在骨科复杂手术中发挥更大的作用，才能更好地服务于临床实践，造福患者。

Abstract: In the field of orthopedics, there are many complex surgical needs, and traditional surgical methods have certain limitations when facing some complex cases and emergency situations. And the emergence of 3D printing technology provides new ways and possibilities to solve these orthopedic complex surgical needs. By systematically reviewing the Chinese and English literature in the past 5 years, we comprehensively collected, screened and analyzed the relevant research data in order to gain a deeper understanding of the application of 3D printing technology in orthopaedic surgery, its advantages and the challenges it faces. The research results show that 3D printing technology significantly improves surgical precision in complex orthopedic surgeries, making the surgical operation more refined and personalized, and better fitting the actual condition and anatomical structure of the patient, thus improving the surgical success rate and therapeutic effect. However, there are still some deficiencies in the material aspect of this technology, such as the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of the material need to be further optimized; in terms of regulation, the relevant standards and specifications need to be further improved and refined to ensure the safe and reliable application of the technology in clinical practice; at the same time, the cost issue is also an important factor limiting its promotion, including the cost of equipment procurement, printing material costs and subsequent maintenance costs need to be effectively controlled. Costs need to be effectively controlled and breakthrough. Only by solving these problems can 3D printing technology play a greater role in complex orthopedic surgery and better serve clinical practice for the benefit of patients.