马尔库塞消费异化思想研究——基于《单向度的人》视角

A Study of Marcuse’s Thought on Consumption Alienation—Based on the Perspective of One-Direction Man

摘要: 马尔库塞站在发达工业社会的背景之下展开了对资本主义社会的全面批判，其中在消费领域，他提出了“消费异化”理论。在《单向度的人》中，马尔库塞揭示了消费异化产生的根源、实质、助力和不可逆性，科学技术的发展引起了社会各个领域的异化，资本家利用“虚假需要”控制了人的思想和行为，人的自由、批判性和否定性正在消失，成为“单向度的人”。本文欲从《单向度的人》文本出发，对马尔库塞消费异化思想进行探究，再看“消费异化”的内涵，从消费异化入手进一步认识其所带来的危害，探析消费异化的解决路径，通过上述探究，力图梳理好、辨识明白马尔库塞消费异化思想的形成过程、理性逻辑、内涵本质及借鉴意义等。

Abstract: Marcuse launched a comprehensive critique of capitalist society against the background of advanced industrial society, in which he put forward the theory of “consumer alienation” in the field of consumption. In One-Direction Man, Marcuse reveals the root, essence, help and irreversibility of consumer alienation. The development of science and technology has caused alienation in all fields of society, and the capitalists use the “false needs” to control people’s thoughts and behaviors, so that people’s freedom, criticism and negativity are disappearing and they become “one-dimensional people”. The free, critical and negative nature of man is disappearing, and he is becoming a “one-way man”. From the text of “One-Direction Man”, this article wants to explore Marcuse’s idea of consumer alienation, to look at the connotation of “consumer alienation”, to further understand the harm brought by consumer alienation, and to analyze the solution path of consumer alienation. Through the above exploration, we try to sort out and identify the formation process, rational logic, and connotative essence of Marcuse’s idea of consumer alienation. Through the above inquiry, we try to sort out and identify the formation process, rational logic, connotation and significance of Marcuse’s idea of consumer alienation.