山地环境下无人机无线网络中继部署优化
Optimization of Wireless Network Relay Deployment for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Mountainous Environments
DOI: 10.12677/mos.2025.147519, PDF,   
作者: 史 爽, 赵洪华：陆军工程大学指挥控制工程学院，江苏 南京；王化禹：内蒙古电力集团蒙电信息通信产业有限责任公司，内蒙古 呼和浩特
关键词: 无人机(UAV)；无线网络；部署优化；Unmanned Aerial Vehicle； Wireless Network； Deployment Optimization
摘要: 山地环境地形复杂、起伏不平，对无人机无线网络的信号传输造成了诸多阻碍，严重影响了无人机的通信性能和任务执行效率。本文聚焦于山地环境下无人机无线网络中继部署优化问题，首先详细分析了山地地形特征对无线信号传播的影响机制，构建了空地混合路径损耗模型。然后，基于该模型，提出了一种综合考虑无人机飞行高度、中继节点数量与位置、地形遮挡因素以及链路质量等约束条件的中继部署优化算法(NASH-PSO算法)。该算法通过设置随机权重的粒子群算法结合纳什均衡算法的混合优化策略，能够有效搜索到全局最优的中继部署方案，使无人机无线网络在山地复杂环境中实现信号的高效传输与稳定覆盖。通过仿真实验，对比分析了不同无人机数量和优化算法下的网络性能指标，结果表明，所提出的优化算法能够在保证网络连通率的同时，显著提高信号传输质量，有效扩大网络覆盖范围，为山地环境下无人机无线网络的可靠构建与高效运行提供了有力的技术支持，具有重要的理论研究价值和实际应用前景。
Abstract: The complex terrain and undulating terrain in mountainous areas have caused many obstacles to the signal transmission of unmanned aerial vehicle wireless networks, seriously affecting the communication performance and task execution efficiency of unmanned aerial vehicles. This article focuses on the optimization of wireless network relay deployment for unmanned aerial vehicles in mountainous environments. Firstly, the impact mechanism of mountainous terrain characteristics on wireless signal propagation is analyzed in detail, and a mixed path loss model for air ground is constructed. Then, based on this model, a relay deployment optimization algorithm (NASH-PSO algorithm) was proposed that comprehensively considers constraints such as drone flight altitude, number and location of relay nodes, terrain occlusion factors, and link quality. This algorithm combines a mixed optimization strategy of particle swarm optimization with random weights and Nash equilibrium algorithm to effectively search for the globally optimal relay deployment scheme, enabling efficient signal transmission and stable coverage of unmanned aerial vehicle wireless networks in complex mountainous environments. Through simulation experiments, the network performance indicators under different numbers of drones and optimization algorithms were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the proposed optimization algorithm can significantly improve signal transmission quality while ensuring network connectivity, effectively expand network coverage, and provide strong technical support for the reliable construction and efficient operation of drone wireless networks in mountainous environments. It has important theoretical research value and practical application prospects.
文章引用：史爽, 赵洪华, 王化禹. 山地环境下无人机无线网络中继部署优化[J]. 建模与仿真, 2025, 14(7): 100-110. https://doi.org/10.12677/mos.2025.147519

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