算法推荐技术下短视频平台的著作权注意义务研究

Study on the Copyright Duty of Care of Short Video Platforms under Algorithmic Recommendation Technology

摘要: 随着近年来短视频行业的异军突起，版权侵权问题日益突出，算法推荐技术的广泛应用更使得短视频平台的著作权注意义务认定成为关键。当前，我国虽然已经构建起包含“避风港原则”“红旗规则”等在内的法律保障体系，但司法实践中仍面临很多困难：现有的“通知–删除”规则对注意义务要求过低难以满足当前需求，在海量侵权内容和算法通知高误判率的冲击下难以有效运行；“应知”义务与主动审查义务界限模糊，在司法实践中，法院对平台责任定性存在分歧；更高注意义务的认定困境与比例原则适用失范，直接获利认定缺乏统一标准，不同案件裁判尺度差异明显。从危险控制、利益平衡、成本控制理论出发，短视频平台承担更高注意义务具有正当性，本文着眼于在算法推荐机制下，重构短视频平台著作权侵权注意义务，通过完善“通知–删除”规则的形式和实质要件，提升侵权通知效力与维权效率，实现多方利益的动态平衡；建构平台事前防范与事后救济结合的“双重注意义务”体系，通过增设“过滤义务”，加强平台事前注意义务，并设立救济机制，完善平台事后注意义务；明确“应知”义务与主动审查免除规则的衔接，厘清两者之间的关系，消除其逻辑矛盾；严格限定直接获得经济利益的判定标准，实现权利方同网络平台之间的利益均衡，来促进短视频产业健康、有序、稳定的发展。

Abstract: With the emergence of the short video industry in recent years, the problem of copyright infringement has become more and more prominent, and the wide application of algorithmic recommendation technology has made the determination of the copyright duty of care of short video platforms become critical. At present, although China has built up a legal protection system including the “safe harbour principle” and the “red flag rule”, judicial practice is still faced with many difficulties: the existing “notification” and “deletion” rules require too low a duty of care to meet the current needs, and are difficult to operate effectively under the impact of massive infringing content and the high miscarriage of justice rate of algorithmic notifications. In judicial practice, courts have divergent views on the characterisation of the liability of platforms; the dilemma of determining the duty of higher care and the application of the principle of proportionality are out of order; there is a lack of uniform standards for determining direct profits, and the scale of adjudication varies significantly in different cases. From the perspective of danger control, balance of interests and cost control theory, it is justified for short video platforms to undertake higher duty of care. This paper focuses on reconstructing the duty of care of short video platforms for copyright infringement under the algorithmic recommendation mechanism, and improves the formal and substantive elements of the “notification-deletion” rule to enhance the effectiveness of the infringement notification and the efficiency of rights protection. This paper focuses on reconstructing the copyright infringement duty of care of short video platforms under the algorithmic recommendation mechanism, by improving the formal and substantive elements of the “notice-deletion” rule, enhancing the effectiveness of infringement notification and the efficiency of rights protection, and realising the dynamic balance of interests of multiple parties; constructing a “double duty of care” system combining the platform’s exante precautionary measures and ex post relief; enhancing the platform's ex ante duty of care through the addition of the “filtration duty”, and setting up a relief mechanism By adding the “filtering obligation”, strengthening the platform’s ex ante obligation of care and establishing a relief mechanism, the platform’s ex post obligation of care shall be perfected; the connection between the “due diligence” obligation and the exemption rule of active censorship shall be clarified, the relationship between the two shall be clarified, and the logical contradiction between them shall be eliminated; and the criterion of obtaining direct economic benefits shall be strictly limited, so as to achieve a balance of interests between the right holders and the network platforms, and to promote a healthy, orderly, and stable development of short video industry.