海洋环境污染刑事责任的多维探究与完善路径

Multidimensional Exploration and Improvement Path of Criminal Liability for Marine Environmental Pollution

摘要: 我国作为拥有漫长海岸线与广袤海域的海洋大国，海洋经济在国民经济体系中的地位愈发举足轻重。但遗憾的是，我国没有设立独立的海洋污染罪名，目前的海洋环境污染刑事立法也并不完善，主要用于惩治海洋污染行为的罪名“污染环境罪”的入罪和量刑标准都不明确，难以适用于海洋环境污染的实际。海洋环境污染犯罪的刑事追责受到阻碍，不仅是因为立法的缺失，司法实践上相关刑罚的适用标准不统一、行政执法移送刑事司法之间存在衔接不顺畅等问题也加剧了我国目前海洋环境犯罪刑事追责难以实现的困境。

Abstract: As a large marine country with a long coastline and vast sea area, China’s marine economy is becoming more and more important in the national economic system. But unfortunately, China has not set up independent pollution of the sea crime; the current criminal legislation on marine environmental pollution is not perfect, mainly used to punish marine pollution behavior “pollution of the environment crime” of the incrimination and sentencing standards are not clear, difficult to apply to the reality of marine environmental pollution. The criminal accountability for marine environmental pollution is hindered not only because of the lack of legislation, but also because of the lack of uniformity in the application of the relevant penalties in judicial practice, and the lack of a smooth connection between administrative law enforcement and the transfer of criminal justice, etc. This has also exacerbated the difficulties in realizing the criminal accountability for marine environmental crimes in China.