基于认知语言学的汉语动词“抓”隐喻语义建构研究

A Study on the Metaphorical Structuring of the Chinese Verb “Grasp” from a Cognitive Linguistic Perspective

摘要: 1980年，莱考夫和约翰逊提出了概念隐喻理论，并把概念隐喻分为结构隐喻，本体隐喻和方位隐喻三种。统计数据显示普通语言中70%的表达方式来源于隐喻或隐喻概念，由此可见隐喻的普及性和重要性。现有研究对汉语高频动词的多义性及其隐喻网络缺乏深入探讨。本文立足于认知语言学的理论框架，特别是概念隐喻理论，对现代汉语高频动词“抓住”进行了深入的隐喻语义分析。研究旨在系统考察“抓”由具体物理动作向抽象认知域延伸的语义拓展路径，揭示其背后蕴含的丰富隐喻网络及其运作机制。研究发现，这些系统性隐喻映射根植于人类具身认知经验，源域的核心要素被结构化投射至抽象目标域。其语义延伸遵循“身体动作–心理感知–社会行为”的认知链条，体现“接触–控制–成功”的意象图式转化。本研究不仅丰富了汉语手部动词的隐喻认知研究，也为语言教学与跨文化交际中动词多义性的习得提供理论参考。

Abstract: In 1980, Lakoff and Johnson put forward the theory of conceptual metaphors and classified conceptual metaphors into structural metaphors, ontological metaphors and orientation metaphors. Statistics show that 70% of the expressions in ordinary language are derived from metaphors or metaphorical concepts, which shows the popularity and importance of metaphors. Existing studies have not explored the polysemy of Chinese high-frequency verbs and their metaphorical networks in depth. Based on the theoretical framework of cognitive linguistics, especially the theory of conceptual metaphor, this paper provides an in-depth metaphorical semantic analysis of the high-frequency verb “grasping” in modern Chinese. The study aims to systematically examine the semantic expansion path of “grasping” from a concrete physical action to an abstract cognitive domain, and to reveal the rich metaphorical network behind it and its operation mechanism. It is found that these systematic metaphorical mappings are rooted in human embodied cognitive experiences, and the core elements of the source domain are structured and projected to the abstract target domain. Their semantic extension follows the cognitive chain of “physical action-mental perception-social behaviour”, and embodies the imagery schema of “contact-control-success”. This study not only enriches the research on the metaphorical cognition of Chinese hand verbs, but also provides theoretical references for the acquisition of verb polysemy in language teaching and