同伴侵害对青少年社交焦虑的影响——问题性手机使用与社交回避的链式中介作用

The Impact of Peer Victimization on Adolescent Social Anxiety—A Chain Mediation Model of Problematic Mobile Phone Use and Social Avoidance

摘要: 为探究青少年同伴侵害与社交焦虑的作用，本研究基于厦门市1977名11~18岁青少年的问卷调查数据，构建包含青少年问题性手机的使用与社交回避的理论模型，揭示了“环境压力→行为代偿→认知固化→焦虑加剧”的递进机制。通过相关分析及链式中介效应检验发现：(1) 同伴侵害显著正向预测社交焦虑(总效应β = 0.108，p < 0.001)，并通过问题性手机使用(β = 0.228, p < 0.001)和社交回避(β = 0.332, p < 0.001)的链式中介路径间接加剧社交焦虑(β = 0.009, 95% CI [0.008, 0.023])；(2) 链式中介模型中，同伴侵害不直接作用于社交焦虑(c’ = 0.006, p > 0.05)，且中介效应占比94.44%，模型为完全中介；(3) 中介效应对比显示，社交回避路径(同伴侵害→社交回避→社交焦虑) (β = 0.071，占比65.74%)的作用强于问题性手机使用频率路径(同伴侵害→问题性手机使用→社交焦虑) (β = 0.022，占比20.37%)。研究表明，同伴侵害通过增加问题性手机使用，引起现实生活的社交回避，从而加重青少年社交焦虑，其中社交回避的中介效应占据主导。因此，依据Bronfenbrenner的生态系统理论，有必要实施以学校和家庭为基础的多维度干预措施，具体包括减少同伴侵害、规范手机使用、促进线下社交互动，以及增强家庭支持系统(例如改善亲子沟通和培养安全依恋关系)，从而全方位缓解青少年的社交焦虑。

Abstract: To explore the mechanisms underlying the relationship between peer victimization and social anxiety among adolescents, this study constructed a theoretical model incorporating problematic mobile phone use and social avoidance based on survey data from 1,977 adolescents aged 11~18 in Xiamen middle schools. Correlation analysis and chain mediation tests revealed the following findings: (1) Peer victimization significantly and positively predicted social anxiety (β = 0.108, p < 0.001), mainly mediated by problematic phone use (β = 0.228) and social avoidance (β = 0.332), indirectly exacerbating social anxiety ( β = 0.009, 95% CI [0.008, 0.023]); (2) No direct effect of peer victimization on social anxiety was observed (c’ = 0.006, p > 0.05), and the mediating effect accounted for 94.44% of the total effect; (3) The social avoidance pathway (β = 0.071, 65.74% of total effect) dominated over the phone use pathway (β = 0.022, 20.37% of total effect). These results suggest that peer victimization exacerbates social anxiety via increased phone reliance and online social preference, which collectively drive real-world social avoidance. Notably, social avoidance emerge as the dominant mediator in this mechanism. Based on Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, these findings underscore the necessity of implementing school- and family-based multidimensional interventions, specifically targeting the reduction of peer victimization, regulation of mobile phone use, promotion of offline social engagement, and enhancement of family support systems (e.g., improving parent-adolescent communication and fostering secure attachment) to holistically alleviate social anxiety.