论商业数据权益的反不正当竞争法保护

On the Protection of Commercial Data Rights and Interests under the “Anti-Unfair Competition Law”

摘要: 随着大数据的兴起，企业之间的数据竞争愈发激烈，商业数据纠纷的司法实践中，有赋权保护和行为规制两种主要路径，赋权保护路径因其面临确权理论困境，导致司法适用中的混乱，行为规制路径因缺乏明确且具有针对性的规则，学者们对其不稳定性和滥用也引发了争议。数据权益的保护需遵循产业发展的阶段性规律，当前数据权益范围尚不明晰、数据利益分配难以达成共识，若一味赋权极有可能增加市场交易成本、阻碍资源有效利用。鉴于此，《反不正当竞争法(修订草案)》增设“商业数据专条”，通过破解司法实践中法律适用标准不统一及过度依赖一般条款的难题，为平衡商业数据保护与流通利用开辟了新路径。

Abstract: With the rise of big data, the data competition between enterprises has become more and more intense, and in the judicial practice of business data disputes, there are two main paths of empowerment protection and behavioral regulation, the empowerment protection path is facing the dilemma of the theory of confirmation of rights, which leads to confusion in the application of the judiciary, and the path of behavioral regulation lacks clear and targeted rules, and the scholars have disputed about its instability and abuse. The protection of data rights and interests needs to follow the law of the stage of industrial development, the current scope of data rights and interests is not clear, data benefits distribution is difficult to reach a consensus, if the empowerment is very likely to increase the market transaction costs, hindering the effective use of resources. In view of this, “The Anti-Unfair Competition Law (Draft Revision)” adds a “special provisions on business data”, which opens a new path for balancing the protection and circulation of commercial data by solving the problem of inconsistent legal application standards and over-reliance on general provisions in judicial practice.