萤石的矿物学特征及其资源分布

Mineralogical Characteristics and Resource Distribution of Fluorite

摘要: 萤石是一种常见的钙卤化物矿物，因其能在紫外线、阴极射线照射或加热状态下发出蓝绿色荧光而得名。化学成分是氟化钙(化学式CaF₂)，其中钙、氟含量分别约为51%和49%，含少量的硅、铝、锰等元素，是自然界中氟含量最高的矿物，因此又称为“氟石”。萤石形态多样，色彩纷呈，可依据颜色、净度及颗粒大小确定其用途。萤石用途广泛，主要用于氟化工业和高价值附加产品的制造。也有一部分萤石因其形态、光泽和颜色较好而成为宝石、观赏石。萤石在全球的储量丰富，已探明的萤石矿储量达到3.1亿吨，是一种不可再生的战略非金属矿产资源。萤石资源储量第一为墨西哥，6800万吨；中国以4200万吨位列第二；南非以4100万吨位列第三。品质好的精品萤石在全球均有产出，且各具特色。如欧洲的德国、英国、法国，美洲的加拿大、美国、墨西哥和秘鲁，亚洲的中国、俄罗斯等国家和地区，产出的精品萤石在矿晶收藏界颇受欢迎。本文综合前人的研究成果，对萤石的矿物学特征及资源分布做出概述。

Abstract: Fluorite, a common calcium halide mineral, is named for its ability to fluoresce blue-green when exposed to ultraviolet light, cathode rays or heat. The chemical composition is calcium fluoride (chemical formula CaF₂), in which the content of calcium and fluorine is about 51% and 49% respectively, containing a small amount of silicon, aluminum, manganese and other elements, which has the highest content of fluorine in nature, so it is also called “fluorspar”. Fluorite has a variety of forms and colors, and its use can be determined by color, clarity and particle size. Fluorite is widely used in the fluorine industry and in the manufacture of high value add-on products. There are also some fluorite because of its shape, luster and color which makes it better and becomes gems, Decoration Stones. Fluorite is a non-renewable strategic nonmetallic mineral resource with abundant reserves in the world, and the proven reserves of fluorite ore reach 310 million tons. The first fluorite resource reserves is Mexico, 68 million tons; China was second with 42 million tons; South Africa was third with 41 million tonnes. Good quality boutique fluorite in the world is produced, and each has its own characteristics. Such as Germany, the United Kingdom, France in Europe, Canada, the United States, Mexico and Peru in the Americas, China, Russia and other countries and regions in Asia, the output of high-quality fluorite in the crystal collection industry is very popular. This paper summarizes the mineralogical characteristics and resource distribution of fluorite based on previous research results.