从“解释梦”到“体验梦”——精神分析流派梦的工作技术探讨

From “Interpreting Dreams” to “Experiencing Dreams”—Research on the Techniques for Dreamwork in Psychoanalysis

摘要: 梦是精神分析流派重要的研究对象，梦的工作是其核心的工作技术。精神分析创始人弗洛伊德开创了自由联想技术，后继学者荣格发展了扩充分析技术与积极想象技术，伯尼克则发展了意象体现技术，从自由联想与扩充分析到积极想象与意象体现，实现了从“解释梦”到“体验梦”的技术拓展，形成了不断探索、逐步深入的一脉承袭之势。本文对四种技术进行逐一介绍及脉络梳理，并通过案例说明其间的联系与差异。四种技术各具特点，在临床心理咨询与治疗工作中，咨询师应根据来访者的具体情况选择适当的技术，并在实践中积极创新，持续发展梦的工作技术。

Abstract: Dream and the dreamwork are main research subjects in Psychoanalysis. Freud, the founder of Psychoanalysis, initiated the Free Association, followed by Jung, who developed the Amplification and the Active Imagination. And Bosnak developed the Embodied Dream Imagery. From Free Association and Amplification to Active Imagination and Embodied Dream Imagery, it has a trend from “Interpreting dreams” to “experiencing dreams”. In this paper, the four techniques are introduced in detail, and discussion about their links/differences as well as application are explained through specific cases. Each of the four techniques has its own merits. In clinical work, appropriate techniques should be selected according to the specific situation of the client, and active innovation should be made in practice to continue to develop dream-imagery work techniques.