大学生就业压力对心理健康的影响：有调节的中介效应

The Impact of Employment Pressure on College Students’ Mental Health: There Is a Moderating Mediating Effect

摘要: 近年来，高校持续扩招导致大学生人数不断攀升。据官方数据显示，2025年大学毕业生规模预计将达1222万。在此背景下，本研究探讨了人际关系在大学生就业压力与心理健康之间的中介作用。研究采用《就业能力自评量表》《焦虑量表》《人际关系敏感度量表》及个人基本信息问卷对57名大学生进行调查。基于有调节的中介模型检验结果显示：就业压力会对大学生的心理健康产生负面影响；然而，在人际关系(调节变量)的作用下，就业压力对心理健康的直接影响变得不显著。同时，就业压力与人际关系呈显著负相关，人际关系与心理健康呈显著正相关。研究表明，大学生的就业压力会通过损害其人际关系，进而影响心理健康。

Abstract: In recent years, the continuous expansion of enrollment in colleges and universities has led to a continuous increase in the number of college students. According to official data, the number of university graduates is expected to reach 12.22 million in 2025. Against this background, this study explores the mediating role of interpersonal relationships between the employment pressure and mental health of college students. The study investigated 57 college students using the “Self-Rating Employability Scale”, “Anxiety Scale”, “Interpersonal Sensitivity Scale” and the personal basic information questionnaire. The test results based on the moderated mediation model show that employment pressure can have a negative impact on the mental health of college students. However, under the influence of interpersonal relationships (moderating variables), the direct impact of employment pressure on mental health becomes insignificant. Meanwhile, employment pressure is significantly negatively correlated with interpersonal relationships, and interpersonal relationships are significantly positively correlated with mental health. Studies show that the employment pressure on college students can affect their mental health by damaging their interpersonal relationships.