声誉关注对欺骗困境中道德决策的影响：来自行为的证据

The Effect of Reputational Concerns on Moral Decision-Making in Deception Dilemmas: Evidence from Behavior

摘要: 近年来，越来越多的学者开始关注道德领域中的禁止性道德范畴。禁止性道德涉及我们不应该做的事，相较于倡导性不道德行为，禁止性不道德行为因其普遍后果更为严重，需要得到社会的广泛重视。过往研究证实声誉关注是人类进行各种社会活动需要考虑的重要因素之一，被他人关注的个体往往表现出更多的亲社会行为，但还未有研究从欺骗行为的角度考察声誉关注的影响。本研究通过一个禁止性道德困境(欺骗困境)，采用单因素被试间设计，观察被试在三种声誉关注水平下的表现有何差异。结果表明：公开情境下个体选择报告的金额显著高于匿名情境与模糊情境，受到声誉关注的个体会表现出更少的欺骗行为，即使他们选择了欺骗，报告的数额大小也显著高于未受到声誉关注的个体。研究结论揭示了与倡导性道德困境相同，在禁止性道德困境下，受到更多声誉关注的个体往往会表现的更加亲社会，并且这种情况不仅仅适用于伤害困境，还适用于情绪冲突体验没有那么强烈的欺骗困境。

Abstract: In recent years, a rising number of scholars have focused on the idea of proscriptive morality in the study of morality. Proscriptive morality is concerned with what we should not do, and unlike prescriptive morality, proscriptive morality must be carefully evaluated by society due to their greater overall impact. Prior research has verified that one of the crucial elements that people must take into account when participating in different social activities is reputational concerns. Individuals who get attention from others are more likely to engage in prosocial activity, no study has looked at the effect of reputational concerns from the standpoint of deceptive activity. Using a proscriptive moral dilemma (deception dilemma), this study uses a one-way between-individuals design to examine how participants perform at three degrees of reputation attention. The findings show that: Individuals in the overt context chose to report significantly more amounts than in the anonymous and ambiguous contexts; individuals who receive attention from others are less likely to engage in deceptive activity, and even if they do, the amounts reported are substantially larger than those who do not receive attention from others. The results demonstrate that, similar to prescriptive moral dilemmas, individuals who receive more reputational attention tend to behave more prosocially in proscriptive moral dilemmas, and that this applies not only to harm dilemmas but also to deception dilemmas where the emotional conflict is less intense.