焦虑障碍对奖赏和惩罚学习的影响及其机制
The Effect of Anxiety Disorder on Reward and Punishment Learning and Its Mechanism
DOI: 10.12677/ap.2025.157418, PDF,   
作者: 黄俊龙, 罗跃嘉:成都医学院心理学院,四川 成都
关键词: 焦虑障碍奖赏学习惩罚学习脑电磁共振Anxiety Disorder Reward Learning Punishment Learning EEG FMRI
摘要: 焦虑障碍是心理健康领域备受关注的重要议题。研究表明,焦虑障碍会显著影响患者的认知功能,特别是在注意力、记忆力和决策制定等核心认知加工领域。学习能力对于人类适应环境并实现持续发展至关重要,而焦虑可能对此产生负面影响,尤其在奖赏和惩罚学习过程中表现出来。然而,目前还不清楚焦虑障碍如何干扰这些关键的认知神经机制。本综述旨在系统梳理现有文献中关于焦虑障碍人群在奖赏和惩罚学习方面的研究成果,包括行为学、电生理学和神经影像学等方面的研究。本文旨在从奖赏和惩罚学习的角度出发,深入探究焦虑障碍对学习机制的影响,阐明学习过程中焦虑障碍所特有的认知神经基础,为未来焦虑障碍的临床诊断和治疗提供新的理论指导,并期望开发出更有效的干预策略。
Abstract: Anxiety disorders represent a critical issue within the field of mental health. Research has demonstrated that these disorders significantly impair cognitive functions, particularly core cognitive processes such as attention, memory, and decision-making. Learning ability is essential for human adaptation and sustained development, and anxiety may detrimentally affect this capacity, especially evident during reward and punishment learning. However, the specific mechanisms by which anxiety disorders disrupt these key cognitive and neural processes remain unclear. This review systematically synthesizes existing literature investigating reward and punishment learning in individuals with anxiety disorders, encompassing findings from behavioral investigations, electrophysiological studies, and neuroimaging evidence. By focusing on the perspective of reward and punishment learning, this paper aims to provide an in-depth exploration of how anxiety disorders impact learning mechanisms, elucidate the distinct cognitive and neural underpinnings characteristic of anxiety during the learning process, and offer new theoretical guidance for the future clinical diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders. Ultimately, this work seeks to inform the development of more effective intervention strategies.
文章引用:黄俊龙, 罗跃嘉 (2025). 焦虑障碍对奖赏和惩罚学习的影响及其机制. 心理学进展, 15(7), 184-196. https://doi.org/10.12677/ap.2025.157418

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