现代汉语常用中性名词的语义偏移研究

A Study on the Semantic Shift of Common Neutral Nouns in Modern Chinese

摘要: 语境在推动语义变化方面起着关键作用，中性名词的语义偏移现象多出现在具体语境中。中性名词的语义偏移是指词义内部色彩成分的变化，即在感情色彩上，从中性向褒义或贬义移动的动态过程。本文通过从语境中提取构式进行分析研究，为研究中性名词的语义偏移分类及其机制提供了新的视角。根据本文对中性名词的分类，发现中性名词发生语义偏移时具有以下特征：第一，肯定构式与否定构式的积极或消极偏移具有相对性；第二，中性名词的积极和消极偏移具有同一语义层面的平行性；第三，中性名词的语义偏移系统内部具有选择性、顺序性；第四，语义偏移基本构式的可推导性和能产性源于语言的组合性和聚合性。

Abstract: Context plays a key role in promoting semantic changes. Semantic deviation of neutral nouns often occurs in specific contexts. The semantic shift of neutral nouns refers to the change of color components within the meaning of words, that is, the dynamic process of moving from neutral to commendatory or derogatory in emotional color. By analyzing the constructions extracted from the context, this paper provides a new perspective for the classification and mechanism of semantic deviation of neutral nouns. According to the classification of neutral nouns in this paper, it is found that the semantic deviation of neutral nouns has the following characteristics: First of all, the positive or negative deviation of positive and negative constructions is relative; Second, the positive and negative deviations of neutral nouns have the same semantic parallelism; Thirdly, the semantic deviation of neutral nouns is selective and sequential within the system; Fourth, the derivability and productivity of the basic construction of semantic deviation are derived from the combination and aggregation of language.