玄武岩纤维布加固老旧小区结构的关键技术与应用实践

Key Technologies and Application Practices of Reinforcing the Structures of Old Residential Areas with Basalt Fiber Cloth

摘要: 为提升老旧小区结构安全性与耐久性，本文系统研究了玄武岩纤维布(BFRP)加固技术的适用性及关键施工工艺。针对老旧小区普遍存在的墙体开裂、混凝土构件劣化等问题，详细分析了BFRP在力学性能匹配、狭窄空间施工适应性及长期耐久性方面的显著优势。重点阐述了BFRP加固的关键技术环节，包括严格的基层处理、浸渍胶配制与粘贴工艺控制、多层纤维布方向设计以及特殊节点(梁端、板角)的加固构造措施。提出了基于构件的系统加固方案(如混凝土梁抗弯–抗剪协同加固、楼板双向加固)。研究表明，BFRP加固技术具有自重增量小、施工便捷快速、耐久性优良等特点，显著提升了结构承载力和抗震韧性，为老旧小区安全、高效、可持续加固提供了可靠的技术路径。

Abstract: To enhance the structural safety and durability of old residential areas, this paper systematically studies the applicability and key construction techniques of basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) reinforcement technology. Focusing on common problems such as wall cracking and concrete component deterioration in old residential areas, it elaborates on the significant advantages of BFRP in terms of mechanical property matching, adaptability to narrow space construction, and long-term durability. It highlights the key technical aspects of BFRP reinforcement, including strict base treatment, impregnation adhesive preparation and application process control, multi-layer fiber orientation design, and reinforcement construction measures for special nodes (such as beam ends and slab corners). It proposes a component-based systematic reinforcement scheme (such as combined flexural-shear reinforcement of concrete beams and bidirectional reinforcement of floor slabs). The research shows that BFRP reinforcement technology has the characteristics of small self-weight increment, convenient and rapid construction, and excellent durability, significantly enhancing the structural load-bearing capacity and seismic resilience, providing a reliable technical path for the safe, efficient, and sustainable reinforcement of old residential areas.