国内外地热产业政策法规对比分析与启示
Comparative Analysis and Enlightenment of Policies and Regulations of the Geothermal Industry at Home and Abroad
DOI: 10.12677/aep.2025.157113, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 胡亚召, 李 枭, 唐晓玲：四川省第一地质大队，四川 成都；谢佳忻, 张俊龙, 左银辉*：成都理工大学油气藏地质与开发工程全国重点实验室，四川 成都
关键词: 地热产业；政策法规；对比分析；可持续发展；Geothermal Industry； Policies and Regulations； Comparative Analysis； Sustainable Development
摘要: 蕴含在地球内部的地热能具有清洁、高效、稳定、安全等优势，开发利用地热能前景可期、潜力巨大。作为清洁能源领域的重要组成部分，其发展受到政策法规的影响。本文全面梳理了世界主要国家及我国地热产业政策法规，详细分析国外政策法规在完善体系、经济激励、管理体制及研发人才培养等方面的特点，深入探讨我国政策法规现状及存在的问题，并通过对比提出对我国地热产业发展的启示与建议，旨在为我国地热产业政策法规的完善及产业可持续发展提供有力参考。
Abstract: Geothermal energy, contained within the Earth’s interior, offers the advantages of being clean, efficient, stable, and safe. The development and utilization of geothermal energy have promising prospects and huge potential. As a crucial part of the clean energy sector, its growth is significantly influenced by policies and regulations. This article comprehensively sorts out the guidelines and rules of the geothermal industry in major countries in the world and my country, analyzes in detail the characteristics of foreign policies and regulations in terms of improving the system, economic incentives, management system and R&D talent training, and deeply explores the current status and existing problems of my country’s policies and regulations. Through comparison, it provides inspiration and suggestions for the development of my country's geothermal industry, aiming to offer a firm reference for improving my country’s geothermal industry policies and regulations, as well as promoting the industry’s sustainable development.
文章引用：胡亚召, 李枭, 唐晓玲, 谢佳忻, 张俊龙, 左银辉. 国内外地热产业政策法规对比分析与启示[J]. 环境保护前沿, 2025, 15(7): 1001-1011. https://doi.org/10.12677/aep.2025.157113

参考文献

[1] Lund, J.W. and Toth, A.N. (2021) Direct Utilization of Geothermal Energy 2020 Worldwide Review. Geothermics, 90, Article 101915. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[2] Ke, T., Huang, S., Xu, W., Tang, X. and Li, X. (2022) Evaluation of the Multi-Doublet Performance in Sandstone Reservoirs Using Thermal-Hydraulic Modeling and Economic Analysis. Geothermics, 98, Article 102273. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[3] 李悦, 关锌. 我国地热资源开发利用优势对比分析[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2011, 38(6): 139-141.
[4] 王振, 彭彬彬, 李子祥, 等. 碳中和目标下我国地热发电的现状与展望[J]. 科技资讯, 2023, 21(14): 112-115.
[5] 孙东, 李金玺, 曹楠, 等. 四川盆地地热地质条件及勘探潜力评价[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2023, 50(3): 193-206.
[6] 蔺文静, 刘志明, 王婉丽, 等. 中国地热资源及其潜力评估[J]. 中国地质, 2013, 40(1): 312-321.
[7] Zuo, Y., Sun, Y., Zhang, L., Zhang, C., Wang, Y., Jiang, G., et al. (2024) Geothermal Resource Evaluation in the Sichuan Basin and Suggestions for the Development and Utilization of Abandoned Oil and Gas Wells. Renewable Energy, 225, Article 120362. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[8] 赵小涛, 付海英. 地热能开发利用现状与前景分析[J]. 环境与发展, 2019, 31(5): 233+235.
[9] Gutiérrez-Negrín, L.C.A. (2024) Evolution of Worldwide Geothermal Power 2020-2023. Geothermal Energy, 12, Article No. 14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[10] Nkinyam, C.M., Ujah, C.O., Asadu, C.O. and Kallon, D.V.V. (2025) Exploring Geothermal Energy as a Sustainable Source of Energy: A Systemic Review. Unconventional Resources, 6, Article 100149. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[11] 胡亚召, 屈泽伟, 徐小青. 四川省地热资源综合利用开发对策研究[J]. 地球科学前沿, 2023, 13(12): 1337-1344.
[12] Spijkerboer, R.C. and Turhan, E. (2025) Deep, Hot and Contested: Assembling the Geothermal Rush in Turkey. Applied Energy, 388, Article 125665. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[13] Huang, L., Wei, X. and Wang, Q. (2023) Challenges and Responses of China’s Energy Legal System under the Double Carbon Target. Frontiers in Energy Research, 11, Article 1198525. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[14] Speer, B., Economy, R., Lowder, T., et al. (2014) Geothermal Exploration Policy Mechanisms: Lessons for the United States from International Applications. National Renewable Energy Lab.
[15] Butler, E.W. and Pick, J.B. (2012) Geothermal Energy Development: Problems and Prospects in the Imperial Valley of California. Springer Science & Business Media.
[16] Ayoub, N. and Yuji, N. (2012) Governmental Intervention Approaches to Promote Renewable Energies-Special Emphasis on Japanese Feed-in Tariff. Energy Policy, 43, 191-201. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[17] Mikhaylov, A. (2020) Geothermal Energy Development in Iceland. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 10, 31-35. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[18] Sanner, B. and Bussmann, W. (2003) Current Status, Prospects and Economic Framework of Geothermal Power Production in Germany. Geothermics, 32, 429-438. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[19] Hamm, S.G., Anderson, A., Blankenship, D., Boyd, L.W., Brown, E.A., Frone, Z., et al. (2021) Geothermal Energy R&D: An Overview of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Geothermal Technologies Office. Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 143, Article 100801. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[20] Robins, J.C., Kolker, A., Flores-Espino, F., et al. (2021) 2021 US Geothermal Power Production and District Heating Market Report. National Renewable Energy Lab.
[21] Manzella, A., Serra, D., Cesari, G., et al. (2019) Geothermal Energy Use, Country Update for Italy. Proceedings of the European Geothermal Congress, Den Haag, 11-14 June 2019, 1-19.
[22] Ketilsson, J., Petursdottir, H.T., Thoroddsen, S., et al. (2015) Legal Framework and National Policy for Geothermal Development in Iceland. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress, Melbourne, 19-25 April 2015, 19-25.
[23] Oberhaus, D. and Watney, C. (2021) Geothermal Everywhere: A New Path for American Renewable Energy Leadership. Innovation Frontier Project, 1-24.
[24] 张琰, 王峰, 孙维君, 等. 我国地热能开发利用现状及产业发展建议[J]. 中国矿业, 2020, 29(12): 46-52.
[25] 赵金省, 王贵玲, 蔺文静, 等. 国内外地热能开发利用现状及政策法规研究[J]. 中国矿业, 2017, 26(S1): 48-52.