在体系化视角下论替代交易规则

Discussion on Alternative Transaction Rules from a Systematic Perspective

摘要: 《民法典合同编通则解释》第60条确立了替代交易规则，对《民法典》违约损害赔偿体系与我国的民事救济制度的完善具有重大意义。在体系化的视角下看待替代交易规则有利于对其的理解与适用：替代交易规则是可得利益损失的重要计算方法；应以市场价格作为基本标准来判断替代交易的合理性；非违约方可自由选择替代交易法与市场价格法来主张损害赔偿。替代交易在一般情况下应以解除合同为要件，在特殊情形下原合同无需解除。同时，在体系化视角下，应将替代交易规则放至整个《民法典》违约损害赔偿体系中，探讨其与减损义务、可预见性规则的关系，无疑是更为高效的做法。

Abstract: Article 60 of the “Interpretation of the General Provisions of the Contract Chapter of the Civil Code” establishes the rule of alternative transactions, which is of great significance to the improvement of the breach of contract damages compensation system under the “Civil Code” and the civil relief system in our country. Viewing alternative transaction rules from a systematic perspective is conducive to their understanding and application: Alternative transaction rules are an important calculation method for potential profit losses. The rationality of alternative transactions should be judged by taking the market price as the basic standard. The non-breaching party is free to choose the alternative transaction method or the market price method to claim damages. Alternative transactions should generally require the termination of the contract as a condition. In special circumstances, the original contract does not need to be terminated. Meanwhile, from a systematic perspective, it is undoubtedly a more efficient approach to incorporate the alternative transaction rules into the entire breach of contract damages compensation system of the “Civil Code” and explore their relationship with the obligation to reduce losses and the predictability rules.