348例儿童住院严重急性呼吸道感染病例肺炎支原体感染特征分析

Analysis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection Characteristics in 348 Hospitalized Children with Severe Acute Respiratory Infection

摘要: 目的：本研究旨在分析儿童严重急性呼吸道感染(SARI)病例中肺炎支原体(MP)感染的流行病学特征、年龄与季节分布及混合感染情况。方法：回顾性纳入2023年11月至2025年2月某院348例SARI住院患儿，通过实时荧光定量PCR检测病原体。结果：MP阳性率为40.23% (140/348)，性别差异无统计学意义(P = 0.067)。MP检出率随年龄增长显著升高(<3岁19.35%、3~6岁43.85%、7~14岁46.46%，P < 0.001)，春季检出率最高(55.17%)，冬季最低(20.95%, P < 0.001)。44.29%的MP阳性病例合并其他病原体感染，以肺炎链球菌(29.03%)和腺病毒(16.13%)为主。Logistic回归显示混合感染延长住院天数的风险最高(OR = 2.53)，春季入院及年龄增长次之。结论：研究表明MP感染在儿童SARI中占重要地位，临床需关注年龄、季节及混合感染因素以优化诊疗策略。

Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics, age and seasonal distribution, and co-infection patterns of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) in children with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 348 hospitalized children with SARI from November 2023 to February 2025. Pathogens were detected using real-time PCR. Results: The MP-positive rate of 40.23% (140/348), with no significant gender difference (P = 0.067). MP detection rates increased significantly with age (19.35% in <3 years, 43.85% in 3~6 years, and 46.46% in 7~14 years, P < 0.001), peaking in spring (55.17%) and lowest in winter (20.95%, P < 0.001). Co-infections were observed in 44.29% of MP-positive cases, primarily with Streptococcus pneumoniae (29.03%) and adenovirus (16.13%). Logistic regression demonstrated that co-infection carried the highest risk for prolonged hospitalization (OR = 2.53), followed by spring season admission and increasing age. Conclusion: The findings highlight the high burden of MP infection in pediatric SARI, emphasizing the need for clinical attention to age, seasonal trends, and co-infections to improve management strategies.