学生人工智能能力以及培养的策略探究——基于联合国教科文组织《学生人工智能能力框架》报告的总结与思考

An Exploration of Students’ Artificial Intelligence Competencies and Cultivation Strategies—Reflections and Summary Based on UNESCO’s “AI Competency Framework for Students”

摘要: 鉴于人工智能(AI)在社会各层面日益凸显的影响力，及其对教育领域产生深远影响，规避AI的潜在风险并有效利用AI技术已成为当前教育领域值得探讨的课题。在此背景下，培养学生具备AI能力显得尤为迫切。联合国教科文组织发布的《学生人工智能能力框架》报告为我们提供了宝贵参考。该框架不仅搭建了学生AI能力发展的蓝图，还提出AI能力培养的五大原则，包括对AI的批判性视角，以人为本的思维方式，环境可持续性发展，促进AI能力发展的包容性，终身学习的核心AI能力。在内容方面，框架涵盖了四个主要能力方面，即以人为本的思维方式、AI道德、AI技术和应用、AI系统的设计，这些方面通过三个能力层次——理解、应用、创造——得以具体化和深化。为有效培养学生的AI能力，本文还结合框架的内容提出了相关的培养策略，包括国家教育战略的部署，课程目标的设计和内容的开发，学习环境的构建，建议的教学方法，教师能力发展以及评价等。同时，本文强调AI能力框架的动态性，即AI能力框架需基于教学实践和AI技术更新不断检测、调整和完善。

Abstract: Given the growing influence of artificial intelligence (AI) across all sectors of society and its profound impact on education, mitigating the potential risks of AI while effectively leveraging its capabilities has become a critical topic in the field of education. In this context, cultivating students’ AI competencies has become more and more prominent. UNESCO’s AI Competency Framework for Students provides valuable insights, outlining a blueprint for developing students’ AI competencies and proposing five key principles: fostering a critical approach to AI, prioritizing human-centered interaction with AI, encouraging environmentally sustainable AI, promoting inclusivity in AI competency development, and building core-AI competencies for lifelong learning. In terms of content, the framework covers four major competency domains: human-centered mindset, AI ethics, AI technology and applications, and AI system design, which are further specified and deepened through three proficiency levels—understanding, applying, and creating. To effectively cultivate students’ AI competencies, this paper proposes relevant strategies based on the framework, including national education policy deployment, curriculum design and content development, learning environment construction, recommended teaching methods, teacher capacity training, and assessment. Additionally, this paper highlights the dynamic nature of the AI competency framework, emphasizing the need for continuous evaluation, adaptation, and refinement based on evolving educational practices and advancements in AI technology.