公园微景观对空气质量的影响——以北京市通州区运潮减河公园为例

Impact of Micro-Landscapes in Park on Air Quality—Taking Yunchao Jianhe Park in Tongzhou District, Beijing as an Example

摘要: 公园因植被和非植被要素的不同组合而形成不同的微景观，进而形成不同的局地空气质量。本研究选择北京市通州区运潮减河公园多个植被和非植被要素组合而成的微景观开展空气质量观测，揭示不同微景观对空气质量的影响。结果表明，不同微景观空气中二氧化碳、颗粒物含量、甲醛和挥发性(VOCs)有机物浓度存在较大差异。河岸微景观和包含有栾树等产生分泌物的树种组成的景观中VOCs浓度要高于其他微景观。除包含松树的微景观外，各植被微景观中颗粒物含量低于硬化开阔的广场。植被微景观中甲醛含量远低于河岸和硬化开阔广场。这些结果表明，较小距离内的微景观因组分的差别也会导致颗粒物含量、二氧化碳浓度、甲醛和VOCs浓度呈明显差异。因此，不同健康程度的人群应针对性地选择微景观区域开展休闲活动。

Abstract: The micro-landscapes’ shape differed in air quality at the local scale as a result of the different combination of vegetation and non-vegetation elements. This study conducts a comparative analysis of air quality of various micro-landscapes in Yunchao Jianhe Park in Tongzhou District, Beijing, on a sunny day with good air quality. The objective is to reveal the impact of element configuration of micro-landscape on air quality. The results showed that CO₂, particle matters, Formaldehyde (CH₂O), and VOCs differed among micro-landscapes. VOC concentrations in riverbank micro-landscapes and landscapes composed of trees like Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. that produce secretions are higher than in other micro-landscapes. Except for micro-landscapes containing pine trees, particulate matter content in vegetative micro-landscapes is lower than in hardened open squares. Formaldehyde content in vegetative micro-landscapes is much lower than in riverbanks and hardened open squares. It is concluded that the air quality can be significantly different within a short distance as a consequence of the element composition of micro-landscape. Therefore, choosing proper micro-landscape for recreation is necessary for the health of people, particularly those sensitive to air quality.