我国转售价格维持反垄断规制研究

Research on Anti-Monopoly Regulation of Resale Price Maintenance in China

摘要: 2022年8月1日新修订实施的《中华人民共和国反垄断法》，在纵向协议规制领域原有垄断协议豁免制度的基础上，新增了“无反竞争效果不予禁止”的豁免条款和低于规定市场份额的“安全港”豁免制度。在我国反垄断司法与执法实践中，关于转售价格维持法律规制的分析模式一直存在较大分歧。为解决我国目前转售价格维持法律规制方面的现实困境，通过分析比较美国法院在反垄断长期的理论和实践发展过程中形成的两种转售价格维持分析模式，即本身违法原则和合理分析原则，提出以下完善建议：一是明确界定“排除、限制竞争”和“排除、限制竞争效果”的内涵；二是明确分析模式和构建执法与司法部门协调机制；三是健全安全港制度。

Abstract: The newly revised “Anti-Monopoly Law of the People’s Republic of China”, effective August 1, 2022, has introduced two new provisions to strengthen vertical agreement regulation: a “no prohibition unless anti-competitive” exemption clause and a “safe harbor” exemption system for market shares below statutory thresholds. In China’s antitrust judicial practice, there has been significant debate regarding the legal framework for resale price maintenance. To address current regulatory challenges in this area, this study compares two analytical models developed by U.S. courts over decades of antitrust practice—the “perse illegality principle” and “reasonable analysis principle”—and proposes three key improvements: First, clearly defining the concepts of “exclusion/restriction of competition” and its “effect”; Second, establishing standardized analytical frameworks and coordinating enforcement mechanisms between judicial and administrative authorities; Third, enhancing the safety harbor system.