填充墙开洞对RC框架结构抗震性能影响研究现状及展望

Research Status and Prospects on Seismic Performance of RC Frames with Perforated Infill Walls

摘要: 本文旨在系统梳理带洞口填充墙-RC框架结构抗震性能的研究现状，明确现有规范与技术瓶颈，提出未来发展方向。通过整合拟静力试验、振动台试验及ABAQUS等数值模拟成果，结合等效斜撑等简化模型，系统分析开洞率与洞口位置的影响机制。研究发现：洞口显著降低结构刚度，当开洞率超过30%时承载力下降达40%，并会引发窗间墙剪切破坏和短柱效应等典型震害；试验证实洞口参数直接主导破坏形态，有限元模型虽能模拟损伤演化却难以精准反映多方向地震共同作用的影响；现行中欧规范对洞口设计缺乏量化条款，工程常用的等效斜撑模型适用性有限。因此，未来需构建多尺度模型揭示损伤随时间发展的过程，验证纤维增强材料等新型加固技术，并将洞口参数设计纳入规范更新体系，从而提升结构抗震安全储备。

Abstract: This review systematically examines seismic performance of RC frames with perforated infill walls, identifying limitations in current design codes and technical approaches while proposing future research directions. By synthesizing quasi-static tests, shake-table experiments, ABAQUS-based simulations, and equivalent strut models, we analyze how opening ratios and locations alter structural behavior. Key findings indicate: openings significantly reduce stiffness (causing 40% capacity loss at >30% opening ratio) and trigger localized failures including pier-wall shear cracks and short-column effects; experimental data confirm opening parameters dictate collapse patterns, though numerical models struggle to capture multidirectional seismic interactions; current Chinese and European codes lack quantitative design rules for openings, with strut models showing limited applicability. Consequently, developing multiscale frameworks to reveal time-dependent damage progression, validating advanced reinforcement materials, and codifying parametric design provisions for openings are essential to enhance structural safety.