黄连治疗失眠的机制及应用研究进展

Research Progress on the Mechanism and Application of Coptis in Treating Insomnia

摘要: 约10%~30%的成年人受失眠困扰，其中慢性失眠(持续3个月以上)的患病率为6%~15%。女性、老年人、慢性疾病患者及精神疾病人群的发病率更高。失眠会导致疲劳、注意力下降，并增加焦虑、抑郁的风险，降低工作、学习效率。长期失眠还可能导致心血管疾病、糖尿病等慢性病的发展。黄连作为中医治疗失眠的核心药物，其应用价值源于深厚的理论支撑、明确的化学成分及多靶点的作用机制，并在经典方剂配伍中展现出临床效益。文中主要梳理了黄连治疗失眠的四个维度：中医的理论基础(包括黄连在中医古籍中的记载及其功效与安神助眠的关联)、黄连的化学成分及其作用机制、经典复方制剂的应用研究进展及临床用药搭配。

Abstract: Approximately 10% to 30% of adults suffer from insomnia, of which the prevalence of chronic insomnia (lasting for more than 3 months) is 6% to 15%. The incidence is higher among women, the elderly, patients with chronic diseases, and those with mental disorders. Insomnia can cause fatigue, decreased attention, increased risk of anxiety and depression, and reduced work and study efficiency. Long-term insomnia may also lead to the development of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Coptis, as the core drug for treating insomnia in traditional Chinese medicine, has its application value derived from its profound theoretical basis, clear chemical components, and multi-target action mechanism. It also demonstrates clinical benefits in the formulation of classic prescriptions. This article mainly summarizes four dimensions of Coptis’s treatment of insomnia: the theoretical basis of traditional Chinese medicine (including the records of Coptis in ancient Chinese medical texts and its association with its efficacy in calming and promoting sleep), the chemical components of Coptis and its mechanism of action, the research progress on the application of classic compound preparations, and the clinical medication combinations.