乌鲁木齐国际机场降雪量与积雪深度相关性研究

A Study on the Correlation between Snowfall and Snow Depths at Urumqi International Airport

摘要: 利用常规探测资料、自动站数据及乌鲁木齐机场METAR报，通过对2017~2021年乌鲁木齐机场积雪深度≥ 1 cm的降雪天气过程降雪量、新增积雪深度、气温、地温、降雪开始、结束时间以及天气形势进行了统计对比分析。发现西北气流下的降雪天气，其新增积雪最难预测；而低涡天气时可参考P值1~2预测新增积雪深度，横槽天气可参考P值2~2.5预测新增积雪深度。11月出现的降雪天气，其新增积雪深度最难预测；1月份P值基本集中在1.5~2之间；2月份的P值 ≥ 1.5。在地温在−1~−5℃，气温在−6~−10℃的时候，新增积雪深度是最难预测的，当气温或者地温 < −11℃时预测积雪深度可参考P值1.5的下限。在出现小雪时，新增积雪深度难预测；当出现中量及以上降雪时，P值维持在1~3之间，尤其是中雪天气(3.1~6 mm)，可参考P值1~2预测新增积雪深度。

Abstract: Based on routine observation data, automatic weather observation station data and the METAR reports of Urumqi Airport. This study analyzes the snowfall, new snow depths, temperature, ground temperature, start and end time of snowfall, and weather patterns of snowfall with a snow depth ≥ 1 cm at Urumqi Airport from 2017 to 2021. The results show that the new snow depth under the northwest airflow is the most difficult to predict. When under the background of vortex, the new snow depth can be predicted by referring to the P value of 1~2, and when a transverse trough occurs, the new snow depth can be predicted by referring to the P value of 2~2.5. The new snow depth in November is the most difficult to predict. The P value in January is basically concentrated between 1.5 and 2. The P value in February is ≥ 1.5. When the ground temperature is between −1˚C and −5˚C and the air temperature is between −6˚C and −10˚C, the new snow depth is the most difficult to predict. When the air temperature or ground temperature is <−11˚C, the new snow depth can be predicted by referring to the lower limit of the P value of 1.5. When light snow occurs, the new snow depth is difficult to predict. When moderate or heavier snowfall occurs, the P value remains between 1 and 3, especially during moderate snowfall (3.1~6 mm), the new snow depth can be predicted by referring to the P value of 1~2.