NF-κB信号通路在结直肠癌中的作用机制及治疗新策略的研究进展

Research Progress on the Mechanism of NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Colorectal Cancer and New Therapeutic Strategies

摘要: 结直肠癌(CRC)是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，近年来随着手术切除、放疗、化疗、免疫治疗、靶向治疗等治疗手段的发展，CRC患者的5年生存率显著提高，然而，疾病的转移和复发仍然是CRC临床治疗的挑战。因此，确定结直肠癌的有效治疗靶点，提高治疗的敏感性是提高患者生存率的关键。通过查阅文献，可以发现NF-κB信号通路广泛参与癌症的发生和发展。在结直肠癌中，NF-κB在细胞增殖、凋亡、血管生成和转移等癌症相关过程中发挥关键作用。但是这些表明NF-κB参与癌症相关过程的证据都是从细胞系和动物模型中获得的，因为缺乏对人体组织的研究，所以其在结直肠癌患者中的临床证据有限。本文将总结NF-κB如何参与结直肠癌的发展和进展的相关证据，并对未来的工作进行评论。

Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. In recent years, with the development of treatment methods such as surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, the 5-year survival rate of CRC patients has significantly improved. However, metastasis and recurrence of the disease remain major challenges in the clinical treatment of CRC. Therefore, identifying effective therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer and enhancing treatment sensitivity are crucial for improving patient survival rates. Through literature review, it can be found that the NF-κB signaling pathway is widely involved in the occurrence and development of cancer. In colorectal cancer, NF-κB plays a key role in cancer-related processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. However, the evidence indicating the involvement of NF-κB in these cancer-related processes is mainly obtained from cell lines and animal models. Due to the lack of studies on human tissues, the clinical evidence for NF-κB in CRC patients is limited. This article will summarize the relevant evidence on how NF-κB participates in the development and progression of colorectal cancer and comment on future work.