多维度强化康复护理在慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者中的应用与效果评价

Application and Effectiveness Evaluation of Multidimensional Intensive Rehabilitation Nursing in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

摘要: 目的：分析多维度强化康复护理在稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者中的应用及效果评价。方法：回顾性选取2022年1月至2024年1月新疆和田地区维吾尔医医院肺病科收治的100例慢阻肺患者作为研究对象，根据不同护理措施分为观察组(50例)与对照组(50例)。对照组采用常规康复护理，观察组采用常规护理基础上联合多维度强化康复护理，即康复训练、家庭氧疗、营养指导、健康宣教、心理干预等。对两组患者干预前后的用力肺活量、第1秒用力呼气量、呼气峰值流速、6 min步行试验、日常生活质量、满意度进行比较并且使用改良呼吸困难指数评估其预后情况。结果：通过不同的护理干预，12周后两组患者的用力肺活量、第1秒用力呼气量、呼气峰值流速、6 min步行试验、日常生活质量、满意度等评价指标在护理后较护理前均有所改善(P < 0.05)，观察组改善程度均高于对照组(P < 0.05)；而改良呼吸困难指数下降观察组明显低于对照组(P < 0.05)。结论：对于稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病的老年患者应用多维度强化康复护理可显著提高患者肺功能及生活质量，改善患者的预后。

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the application and effect evaluation of multidimensional intensive rehabilitation nursing in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 100 COPD patients admitted to Xinjiang Hotan Uyghur Medical Hospital between January 2022 and January 2024. Based on different nursing measures, they were divided into an observation group (n = 50) and a control group (n = 50). The control group received conventional rehabilitation nursing. The observation group received conventional nursing combined with multidimensional intensive rehabilitation nursing, including rehabilitation training, home oxygen therapy, nutritional guidance, health education, and psychological intervention. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), 6-minute walk test (6MWT), activities of daily living (ADL), satisfaction, and the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea index were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention to assess prognosis. Results: After 12 weeks of different nursing interventions, all evaluated indicators (FVC, FEV1, PEF, 6MWT, ADL, satisfaction) improved significantly in both groups compared to pre-intervention levels (P < 0.05). The degree of improvement in all these indicators was significantly greater in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The mMRC dyspnea index decreased in both groups, but the score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The application of multidimensional intensive rehabilitation nursing in elderly patients with stable COPD can significantly improve lung function and quality of life, leading to better patient prognosis.