基于Landsat遥感影像的长时序红塔区土地利用动态分析研究

Dynamic Analysis of Land Use in Hongta District Based on Landsat Remote Sensing Image

摘要: 遥感技术为土地变化研究提供了长期、大尺度的时空数据支持，有效促进了土地覆盖时空格局的监测与动态变化分析。本文以红塔区为研究对象，基于Landsat 5 TM与Landsat 8 OLI遥感影像，结合支持向量机(SVM)分类算法与人机交互解译方法，获取了研究区2005年至2021年不同年份的土地利用类型分类成果。通过对该时间段内土地利用的结构变化、动态度及转移特征进行系统性分析，结果显示：研究期间红塔区建设用地面积显著增加约100.9  km²，耕地/草地面积增加约47.37  km²，裸地面积显著减少约108.75  km²，区域综合土地利用动态度提升1.32%，体现出土地利用活动的活跃性和动态调整能力。研究揭示了区域土地利用的演变规律与变化趋势，为红塔区土地资源的科学管理与合理规划提供了理论依据。尤其是在城市化快速发展的背景下，该成果为促进土地资源的可持续利用、协调经济发展与生态保护、推动区域绿色发展战略提供了重要参考。

Abstract: Remote sensing technology provides long-term, large-scale spatiotemporal data support for land change research, effectively facilitating the monitoring of land cover patterns and dynamic change analysis. This study focuses on Hongta District, utilizing Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI remote sensing images combined with Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification and interactive human interpretation methods to obtain land use classification results for different years from 2005 to 2021. A systematic analysis of land use structural changes, dynamic degrees, and transfer characteristics during this period shows that construction land area increased significantly by approximately 100.9 km², cultivated land/grassland area increased by about 47.37 km², and bare land area decreased markedly by around 108.75 km². The overall land use dynamic degree in the region rose by 1.32%, reflecting the activity and dynamic adjustment capability of land use. The study reveals the evolution patterns and trends of land use in the region, providing a theoretical basis for the scientific management and rational planning of land resources in Hongta District. Especially under the backdrop of rapid urbanization, these findings offer important references for promoting sustainable land resource utilization, coordinating economic development with ecological protection, and advancing regional green development strategies.