新工科建设下基于“四能力”培养的材料物理专业实践教学改革研究

Practical Teaching Reform in Materials Physics Based on “Four Competencies” for New Engineering Education

摘要: 在新工科建设背景下，材料物理专业的实践教学亟需紧密对接产业需求与技术前沿，着力强化学生的综合能力培养。本研究以提升“四能力”——即学生自主学习能力、工程实施能力、实践创新能力和创新思维能力——为核心目标，针对传统实践教学中存在的课程体系滞后、产教融合深度不足、评价机制单一等突出问题，系统提出了多层次改革路径。通过重构“基础–综合–创新”阶梯式实践课程体系、搭建校企协同育人平台、引入项目驱动与学科交叉融合的教学模式，旨在充分调动学生的主观能动性，引导其深度参与教师科研活动及校企合作项目。同时，完善基于能力发展的动态化评价机制，以期探索形成材料物理专业实践教学的新范式。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of new engineering education initiatives, the practical teaching of Materials Physics urgently requires closer alignment with industrial demands and technological frontiers to comprehensively enhance students’ integrated competencies. Centered on cultivating “Four Competencies”, namely, autonomous learning capability, engineering implementation skills, practical innovation aptitude, and innovative thinking proficiency, this study systematically proposes a multi-tiered reform framework. It addresses critical issues in traditional practical instruction, including outdated curriculum structures, insufficiently deepened industry-education integration, and simplistic evaluation mechanisms. By restructuring a tiered “Foundational-Comprehensive-Innovative” practical curriculum system, establishing university-enterprise collaborative education platforms, and introducing project-driven and interdisciplinary teaching models, the reforms aim to fully activate student initiative. This approach guides deep engagement in faculty research and industry-academia projects while refining a dynamic evaluation mechanism centered on capability development. Ultimately, it seeks to explore new paradigms for practical teaching in Materials Physics.