基于信赖原则的过失认定及其刑法展开

Determination of Negligence Based on the Principle of Reliance and Its Development in Criminal Law

摘要: 随着社会的发展、科技的进步，越来越多的新行业产生，它们在为社会发展和人类生活带来益处的同时，也带来了从前未曾有过的危险。为了中和科技发展带来的极大便利和更多危险，更好地兼顾推动社会发展和保护人们的利益，信赖原则应势而生。信赖原则起源于德国的交通领域，后被更多的国家和地区所接受，也逐渐扩展到更多的高风险行业。信赖原则通过事前规定各参与人的注意义务来进行危险分配，从而更好地进行事后的归责，在过失犯罪的认定中发挥着重要作用。本文从信赖原则的概念和产生条件出发，阐明与其相关的基础理论，在此基础上，说明信赖原则与过失犯罪各理论的关系，重点阐述信赖原则在认定过失犯罪中的实施模式，最后，对信赖原则在我国的交通领域、医疗过失领域和监督过失领域中的适用可能性进行分析，以期为我国借鉴和引入信赖原则提供些许启示。

Abstract: With the development of society and the advancement of technology, more and more new industries are emerging, which not only bring benefits to social development and human life, but also bring unprecedented risks. In order to neutralize the great convenience and more risks brought by technological development, and better balance the promotion of social development and the protection of people’s interests, the principle of trust has emerged. The principle of trust originated in the transportation field of Germany and was later accepted by more countries and regions, gradually expanding to more high-risk industries. The principle of trust allocates danger by pre specifying the duty of care of each participant, thereby better assigning responsibility afterwards and playing an important role in the determination of negligent crimes. This article starts from the concept and conditions of the principle of trust, elucidates its related basic theories, and on this basis, explains the relationship between the principle of trust and various theories of negligent crime. It focuses on the implementation mode of the principle of trust in identifying negligent crime. Finally, it analyzes the possibility of the application of the principle of trust in the fields of transportation, medical negligence, and supervisory negligence in China, to provide some inspiration for China to learn from and introduce the principle of trust.