新生儿重度高胆红素血症危险因素的临床研究

Clinical Study on Risk Factors of Severe Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia

摘要: 目的：探讨新生儿重度高胆红素血症的危险因素，为预防新生儿重度高胆红素血症及其并发症提供科学依据。方法：收集2021年1月至2023年12月衡水市人民医院297例新生儿高胆红素血症患儿临床资料，根据入院后首次血清总胆红素水平将其分为重度高胆红素血症组和高胆红素血症组，比较两组的临床资料，将差异有统计学意义的变量纳入二元logistic回归分析。结果：单因素分析显示胎膜早破、新生儿感染、血管外出血及早期喂养不足与新生儿重度高胆红素血症的发生密切相关(P < 0.05)。其中新生儿感染是新生儿重度高胆红素血症的独立危险因素(P < 0.05)。结论：新生儿重度高胆红素血症的危险因素在新生儿产前、产时、产后均可发生，产科医生规范接产操作、强化孕母婴儿生后科学喂养及护理宣教可有效预防新生儿重度高胆红素血症的发生。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the risk factors of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and provide scientific evidence for preventing severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and its complications. Methods: The clinical data of 297 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia admitted to Hengshui People’s Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023 were collected. They were divided into the severe hyperbilirubinemia group and the hyperbilirubinemia group based on the first serum total bilirubin level after admission. The clinical data of the two groups were compared, and the variables with statistically significant differences were included in the binary logistic regression analysis. Results: Univariate analysis showed that premature rupture of membranes, neonatal infection, vascular bleeding, and insufficient early feeding were closely related to the occurrence of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (P < 0.05). Among them, neonatal infection was an independent risk factor for severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The risk factors of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia can occur at different stages of neonatal prenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum periods. Obstetricians can effectively prevent the occurrence of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia by standardizing delivery procedures, strengthening scientific feeding and postnatal care education for pregnant mothers and newborns.