婴幼儿早期运动的神经机制及对托幼机构开展体育活动的启示

The Neural Mechanisms of Early Motor Development in Infants and Implications for Physical Activity Implementation in Early Childhood Education Institutions

摘要: 婴幼儿早期运动的发展是其进行各项身体活动的基础，不仅对幼儿身心发展有着重要的意义，而且是评估、诊断、改善幼儿身心发展状况的重要指标。早期由于技术水平的限制，研究者对脑结构和功能认识不足，涉及婴幼儿早期运动发展的相关研究更多聚焦于幼儿外在的运动行为表现，而从脑科学视角来探究运动发展的研究较少。而功能性磁共振成像、近红外等脑影像技术的出现，为研究婴幼儿早期运动能力发展的神经生理机制提供了可能。本文梳理了婴幼儿早期运动发展的一般规律和神经生理基础，讨论了运动能力发展和认知发展之间的关系，并据此提出促进运动能力发展的保教建议，以期为促进婴幼儿运动发展的研究提供新的思路和视角，进一步推动我国婴幼儿早期动作发展与教育的研究。

Abstract: The development of early movement in infants and young children is the foundation for their various physical activities. It is not only of great significance to the physical and mental development of young children, but also an important indicator to evaluate, diagnose and improve the physical and mental development of young children. Due to the limitations of technical level in the early stage, researchers did not have enough knowledge of brain structure and function, and more related research on the development of early movement of infants and young children focused on the external movement behavior performance of young children, while less research on the development of movement from the perspective of brain science. However, the emergence of brain imaging technologies such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and near-infrared has made it possible to study the neuro-mechanism of early motor development in infants and young children. This paper combs the general law and neuro-mechanism of early movement development in infants and young children, discusses the relationship between motor development and cognitive development, and puts forward some suggestions on how to promote the development of motor ability, in order to provide new ideas and perspectives for the research on the development of infant motor development, and further promote the research on the development and education of early movement of infants and young children in China.