集群编码：感知机制、影响因素与神经机制研究综述
Ensemble Coding: A Review of Perceptual Mechanisms, Influencing Factors and Neural Mechanisms
摘要: 在复杂的感知环境中，人类如何高效提取关键信息是认知科学的核心问题。集群编码(ensemble coding)是人类感知系统快速提取一组相似对象概要统计信息(如平均值、方差等)的重要机制，也被称为整体知觉或集合感知。本文系统综述了集群编码的定义、跨层次加工特性、影响因素及神经机制。研究表明，集群编码能够高效整合低级视觉特征(如朝向、大小)和高级社会信息(如面部表情、身份)，并表现出跨感官(视觉、听觉)的普遍性。其加工效率受注意、刺激数量、呈现时间和个体差异等因素影响，且神经机制涉及背侧与腹侧通路的协同作用。未来研究需进一步探索集群编码的多感官整合机制、神经基础及其在认知科学等领域的应用潜力。
Abstract: In complex perceptual environments, how humans efficiently extract key information is a central question in cognitive science. Ensemble coding is a crucial mechanism by which the human perceptual system rapidly extracts summary statistical information (e.g., mean, variance) about a group of similar objects, also known as global perception or ensemble perception. This paper provides a systematic review of the definition, cross-level processing characteristics, influencing factors, and neural mechanisms of ensemble coding. Research indicates that ensemble coding can efficiently integrate low-level visual features (e.g., orientation, size) and high-level social information (e.g., facial expressions, identity), and exhibits cross-modal (visual, auditory) universality. Its processing efficiency is influenced by factors such as attention, stimulus quantity, presentation time, and individual differences, and its neural mechanisms involve the collaborative action of dorsal and ventral pathways. Future research should further explore the multisensory integration mechanisms, neural foundations, and application potential of cluster coding in fields such as cognitive science.
文章引用：李佳琦 (2025). 集群编码：感知机制、影响因素与神经机制研究综述. 心理学进展, 15(8), 10-16. https://doi.org/10.12677/ap.2025.158440

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