《民法典》物权编第322条添附规定之审视与制度重构之思

Examination and Reflection on the Reconstruction of the Accession System under Article 322 of the Property Rights Chapter of the Civil Code

摘要: 《民法典》物权编第322条所确立的添附制度，虽在一定程度上为处理添附物权归属问题提供了法律依据，然其内在缺陷亦不容忽视。在添附物归属的判定机制上，该条款以约定作为首要判定原则，其合理性与正当性亟待深入检省。对于“没有约定或者约定不明确的，依照法律规定”的表述，在立法技术层面上存在一定缺陷。此外，该规范在处理不同形式添附的物权归属时，未对不同的添附形态进行差异化规制，而是采取“一刀切”的做法来确定添附物的归属，过于简单、笼统难以充分发挥其法律效力，达到添附规范设置的目的。根据添附的类型和特点重新构建添附制度，以期达到充分发挥制度作用，实现定分止争的目的。

Abstract: The accession system established by Article 322 of the Property Rights Chapter of the Civil Code provides a legal basis for resolving disputes over the ownership of accession property to a certain extent. However, its inherent flaws cannot be overlooked. In determining the ownership of accession property, this provision prioritizes agreements between parties as the primary principle, raising questions about its rationality and legitimacy. The phrase “in the absence of an agreement or unclear agreements, follow legal provisions” exhibits technical deficiencies in legislative drafting. Furthermore, the regulation adopts a one-size-fits-all approach to determine ownership of accession property without differentiating between various forms of accession (e.g., processing, accession, and commingling), which oversimplifies the matter and undermines the effectiveness of the legal framework. This paper advocates for a reconstruction of the accession system based on the types and characteristics of accession, aiming to fully realize its purpose of resolving disputes and stabilizing property rights.