关于国内脑室腹腔分流术并发症及预防措施的研究

Research on Complications and Preventive Measures of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt in China

摘要: 脑室腹腔分流术(VPS)是治疗脑积水的关键手术，可有效降低颅内压并改善神经功能。然而，该手术因使用体内分流装置，存在感染、分流管阻塞、过度分流等并发症的风险，严重影响疗效和患者的生活质量。随着技术的进步，并发症的预防与管理成为临床重点。本文旨在系统探讨VPS的常见并发症及其预防策略。文章首先概述了高发的并发症类型(包括感染、阻塞、过度分流、癫痫)，并分析了其机制和临床表现。随后，重点阐述了多项核心预防措施：严格执行无菌操作、优化分流装置的选择、精准定位、减少穿刺次数。

Abstract: Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt (VPS) is a critical surgical procedure for treating hydrocephalus, effectively reducing intracranial pressure and improving neurological function. However, due to the implantation of an internal shunt device, the procedure carries risks of complications such as infection, shunt obstruction, and overdrainage, which significantly impact treatment efficacy and patient quality of life. With technological advances, the prevention and management of these complications have become a major clinical focus. This article aims to systematically explore the common complications of VPS (Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt) and their prevention strategies. It first outlines the types of high-incidence complications (including infection, obstruction, over-shunting, and epilepsy), analyzing their mechanisms and clinical presentations. Subsequently, it focuses on elaborating several core preventive measures: strict implementation of aseptic techniques, optimization of shunt device selection, precise catheter placement, and minimizing the number of puncture attempts.