意诚相即：刘宗周诚意观的本体阐释与工夫进路

The Identity of Intention and Sincerity: Ontological Interpretation and Path of Practice in Liu Zongzhou’s View of Sincerity of Intention

摘要: 晚明大儒刘宗周于儒学“传承转进”之际重诠“诚意”范畴，以“意诚相即”为其核心，通过重构“意”与“诚”的哲学涵义构建其本体与工夫贯通的心性论体系，完成了对程朱“主敬”传统与阳明“致知”学说批判性综合。其子刘汋所述“始主敬，中慎独，晚归诚意”的学术演进脉络，揭示其晚年思想以“诚意”为终极归趣，更凸显其对阳明后学的学理纠偏。本文通过系统阐释刘宗周“诚意”观的内在理路，揭示其如何以“意”与“诚”的哲学重构推动儒学本体论与工夫论的深层变革。

Abstract: During the perilous period of Confucianism in the late Ming Dynasty, the great Confucian scholar Liu Zongzhou reinterpreted the concept of “sincerity” with “the immediate identity of sincerity and intention” as its core. By reconstructing the philosophical meanings of “intention” and “sincerity”, he established a system of heart-nature theory that integrates ontology and practice, achieving a critical synthesis of the “main reverence” tradition of Cheng and Zhu and the “attain knowledge” theory of Wang Yangming. The academic evolution path described by his son Liu Chuo, which starts with “main reverence”, proceeds to “caution in solitude”, and concludes with “sincerity”, reveals that his later thought ultimately converges on “sincerity”, further highlighting his rectification of the theoretical deviations of Wang Yangming's followers. This article systematically expounds the internal logic of Liu Zongzhou’s “sincerity” view, revealing how his philosophical reconstruction of “intention” and “sincerity” promoted the deep transformation of Confucian ontology and practice theory.