人教版和北师大版高中生物学教材“酶”内容的对比分析

Comparative Analysis of the Content of “Enzymes” in the High School Biology Textbooks of the People’s Education Edition and the Beijing Normal University Edition

摘要: 高中生物中“酶”部分内容具有基础性与衔接性、知识体系的完整性、实验与探究的重要性、实际应用与医学意义以及核心素养的培养等多方面的地位和作用。本研究以人教版和北师大版高中生物学教材“酶”内容作为研究对象，从教学目标、教材内容、栏目类型、活动设置和习题设计5个方面进行比较分析，研究发现，人教版教学目标侧重知识点落实与实验设计，教材内容以螺旋式结构建构概念体系，栏目类型多元且注重科学方法，活动设置强调实验过程，习题设计侧重基础巩固；而北师大版教学目标强调核心素养培养，教学内容采用主题式结构进行概念进阶学习，注重实践性，栏目类型重视实践探索，活动设置突出证据收集与应用，习题设计注重综合性和创新能力。基于以上分析，建议教师应结合两版教材，明确教学目标，强调核心素养培养；丰富教学内容，优化教学资源；融合栏目内容，促进全面发展；系统化实验活动，引导学生自主学习；层次化设置习题，激发高阶思维发展。本研究为“酶”专题教学及教材编写提供参考。

Abstract: Enzymes in high school biology have the status and role of fundamentality and connectivity, completeness of knowledge system, importance of experiments and investigation, practical application and medical significance, and cultivation of core literacy. Taking the content of “enzymes” in the high school biology textbooks of People’s Education Press (PEP) edition and Beijing Normal University Press (BNUP) edition as the object of study, by comparative analysis from five aspects: teaching objectives, textbook content, column types, activity settings and exercise design, it is found that the teaching objectives of PEP edition focus on the implementation of knowledge and experimental design, the textbook content constructs the conceptual system by spiral structure, the column types are diversified and focus on the scientific method, the activity settings emphasize the experimental process, and the exercise design focuses on the consolidation of the foundation; whereas, the teaching objectives of BNUP edition emphasize the cultivation of the core literacy, and the teaching content adopts a thematic structure for conceptual advancement, focusing on practicability, with columns emphasizing practical exploration, activities highlighting the collection and application of evidence, and exercises focusing on comprehensiveness and creativity. Based on the above analysis, it is suggested that teachers should combine the two versions of the textbook to clarify the teaching objectives and emphasize the cultivation of core literacy; enrich the teaching content and optimize the teaching resources; integrate the contents of the columns and promote the overall development; systematize the experimental activities and guide students to learn independently; and set up exercises in a hierarchical manner to stimulate the development of higher-order thinking. This study provides reference for the teaching of the topic “Enzyme” and the preparation of teaching materials.