受害人承诺的实证法解释困境及其化解

The Dilemma of Positive Law Interpretation of Victim’s Consent and Its Resolution

摘要: 对于受害人承诺在我国《民法典》中的实现应当考虑两个方面的问题：在合同规范领域，需要通过对受害人承诺的授权性解释规避免责条款限制规定的规范范围；在侵权法领域，需要在对于过错的实质性判断中通过有限度地引入主观违法阻却事由实现受害人承诺的法理，从而实现受害人承诺这一超法规免责事由与现行《民法典》体系的协调解释。

Abstract: The implementation of victim’s consent in China’s “Civil Code” should consider two key issues: In the field of contract norms, it is necessary to restrict the normative scope of exemption clauses through an authorized interpretation of victim’s consent. In the field of tort law, the legal principle of victim’s consent should be realized by moderately introducing subjective grounds for negating wrongfulness in the substantive judgment of fault, thereby achieving a harmonious interpretation between victim’s consent as an extra-legal exemption and the current system of the “Civil Code”.